From the Pulpit

Commentary

Overview

This book of the Bible is an epistle, which is the Church’s word for letters in the Biblical canon.
1. Just because it’s a letter, it would be wrong to assume that it’s just a casual piece of communication to a particular group long ago.
2. This is a letter inspired by the Holy Spirit by an apostle and beneficial for the whole church.
Philippians is from the Apostle Paul to the church at Philippi.
Understanding the city, the church, and why the letter was sent helps make the context of this book clearer.

The City of Philippi

Located in Macedonia
(modern-day Greece), Philippi was a Roman colony, meaning most of the citizens living there were Roman citizens, the culture was Roman, and the institutions were especially Roman, even though it was in a region that was culturally Greek.
1. It’s important to remember that just because an area was conquered by Romans, that didn’t make the citizens Roman citizens. Citizenship had to be earned with service to the Empire, such as military service or large donations.
2. Only people born to citizens were citizens from birth.
Philippi was especially proud of their Roman identity.
1. Philippi was the site of the decisive battle ending one of Rome’s civil wars, the Liberators’ Civil War, roughly 100 years before this letter was written.
  1. Julius Caesar was assassinated by senators who feared his growing power.
  2. The Imperial forces led by Octavian (later Caesar Augustus) and Julius’s right-hand man, Mark Antony, defeated the republican forces led by the assassins Brutus and Cassius and the at Philippi.
2. The cultural memory of that battle shaped the identity of the city. Imagine something like Gettysburg Pennsylvania; stars and stripes everywhere.
3. A lot of the citizens were descended from soldiers that retired after that war and settled in the region, so that military identity would also be really strong in this area.

The Founding of the Church at Phillippi

The book of Acts chapter 16 gives us an account of the founding of the Church at Philippi by the Apostle Paul during his second missionary journey.
Paul hadn’t originally planned to go to Europe. He planned on going to Asia, but the Holy Spirit stopped him and sent him a vision of a man from Macedonia calling for help. Paul consequently went to Macedonia and started the first Church on the continent of Europe.
Paul proclaims Christ to three noteworthy people in Philippi. These people are likely still living in the community as prominent members of the church that Paul is writing to.
1. Lydia: A wealthy merchant of purple fabric
  1. Purple dye was extraordinarily valuable. To produce a single ounce of purple dye, thousands of sea snails would be gathered by hand, workers would break their shells and extract fluid from their mucus-producing hypobranchial gland, and boiled for ten days with other liquids such as urine.
  2. Roman clothing had certain visual symbols based on how much imperial purple was in a garment to tell a person’s rank and social standing. Only the emperor could wear a purely imperial purple garment.
  3. Given her trade, Lydia would have been well-connected and likely very wealthy.
  4. She and her entire household heard the Gospel and were baptized.
2. A Slave Girl: Possessed by a “spirit of divination” Python” (associated with the god Apollo in Greek culture)
  1. The Greek text calls it, quite literally, a “spirit of python.” Pythons were associated with the Greek god Apollo, who was especially honored in the city of Phillipi. It’s likely that locals saw her abilities as a divine blessing, though Paul and Silas knew that it wasn’t of God.
  2. Her owners profited from her fortune-telling ability.
  3. She followed Paul and Silas declaring: “These men are servants of the Most High God, who are telling you the way to be saved.”
    
    Given Paul’s annoyance, one must assume this was said in a disrespectful, mocking tone.
  4. Paul cast out the demon; her owners, having lost their income, dragged Paul and Silas before magistrates where they were beaten and imprisoned.
3. The Philippian Jailer
  1. Paul and Silas were beaten and imprisoned in the deepest cell.
  2. That night, in the darkness of their cell, they prayed and sang hymns, reflecting a faith that is truly unshakable and joyful even in the worst of conditions.
  3. A miracle occurred! An earthquake opened all the doors and broke every chain.
  4. Paul and Silas chose to stay rather than escape. Not only did they stay, but they convinced all the other prisoners to stay too.
  5. The jailer, about to take his own life in Roman fashion (the only way to reclaim honor after such failure), was stopped by Paul.
  6. He immediately asked: “How can I be saved?” — received the gospel and was baptized.
These people are the foundation of the church. Each was hungry for the news of the gospel and responded quickly alongside their families. Imagining all three does involve a little speculation. While the slave girl is not said to have joined the church, one has to imagine that someone freed from spiritual exploitation would remember the name by which she was saved and investigate it more as time went on.

Why did Paul write this letter?

Paul was writing from Roman imprisonment under Emperor Nero.
He was not in a dungeon but was under house arrest — in chains, guarded 24/7, while authorities decided his fate.
He was accruing expenses: rent, food, daily needs.
The church at Philippi sent a courier from the congregation named Epaphroditus to give Paul financial support upon hearing of his need.
Paul writes to:
1. Thank them for their generosity
2. Encourage and teach them

¹Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus,

To all God’s holy people in Christ Jesus at Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons:

²Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

From…
1. In a modern letter or email, the person who wrote the letter is listed at the end of the letter. In this time and place, the sender was the first item in the letter, which makes a good deal more sense.
2. Paul is with his ministry partner Timothy. This is the same Timothy that he would later write 1 and 2 Timothy to.
3. “Paul is accustomed, in the inscription of his epistles, to employ titles of distinction, with the view of procuring credit for himself and his ministry, there was no need of lengthened commendations in writing to the Philippians, who had known him by experience as a true Apostle of Christ.” -Calvin, Commentary On Philippians.
To…
1. “All God’s holy people at Philippi”
  1. This is fairly standard language from Paul’s letter when addressing a congregation in a particular city.
  2. Notice the weight of the title: we are God’s holy people in whatever city where we live. That’s not just a compliment, so much as a calling that we have to strive to live into.
  3. Could we call ourselves one of God’s holy people in good conscience? If not, maybe we have some work to do.
“Overseers and deacons”
1. Paul addresses both the congregation and the church leadership.
2. Depending on the translation, this passage may read “Bishops and deacons,” rather than “overseers and deacons.”
  1. Bishop, presbyter, and deacon are all traditional church roles and come from Greek words that mean overseer, elder, and servant.
  2. While exact roles differ from tradition, the basic pattern across Christian history is a bishop oversees churches in a region, a presbyter is a person that leads a local congregation, and a deacon is someone that serves a local church in a more limited capacity.
  3. In the biblical era, the exact division between a deacon and a presbyter had not been defined. Paul often uses the two words interchangeably, such as here. If they had existed as they do today, having multiple deacons in a single city and no referenced presbyters would pose significant challenges. As it is, he appears to be addressing those in leadership roles and those in service roles.
  4. “He mentions the higher-ranking figures—saying “with the bishops,” and so forth. The question arises: why does he place the lesser before the greater? Because the people come before the prelate. Ezekiel 34:2: “Do not the shepherds feed the flocks?” For flocks are to be fed by shepherds, not the other way around.” -Aquinas, Commentary on Philippians, 1.1.6.
“Grace and peace”
1. Paul uses this exact language in every one of his letters except the book of Hebrews. Sometimes it’s more flowery, sometimes it’s simpler, but it’s usually there. This particular example is on the shorter side.
2. Rather than just wishing that the letter finds them well, Paul wishes that they know the grace and peace of God.
  1. Grace is God’s unearned favor resting on us through Christ.
  2. True peace that comes from knowing the one unchanging thing (God) in a constantly changing world is available through Christ as well.
3. “Then he mentions the good things he desires for them when he says, grace be unto you and peace. These two goods include everything: first, there is God’s grace remitting sins: for by grace you have been saved through faith (Eph 2:8); lastly, there is man’s peace: he makes peace in your borders (Ps 147:14).” -Aquinas, Commentary on Philippians, 1.1.7.

³I thank my God every time I remember you. ⁴In all my prayers for all of you, I always pray with joy ⁵because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, ⁶being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.

“I thank my God every time I remember you…”
1. Paul doesn’t say this about every church. There are some he worries about, others that have conflicts, and some that are actively disloyal to the Gospel, but this church is a genuine source of joy to him.
2. Notice that he thanks God, not just them. He thanks the giver, rather than take joy merely in the gift of the church.
“Partners in the gospel”
1. They are not just recipients of the Gospel, but active partners with Paul in spreading it.
2. We are all called to be partners with one another, even across different callings. Some are pastors. Some are teachers. Some are evangelists. Some can give more time or money than others. Every one of us can do incredible ministry, but we need people to partner with us and encourage us to be the best God is calling us to be.
3. We have to support one another if we want to make a difference in a world where the enemy is active and would love to isolate and destroy us.
4. “And this Paul means by fellowship. They give a share to us, he means, in carnal things, and we give a share to them in spiritual things. For if God for little and worthless things grants the kingdom, His servants too, for little and material things, give a share in spiritual things.” -Chrysostom, Homily 1 on Philippians.
“He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Jesus Christ.”
1. Just as God taught the great prophet Jeremiah in Jeremiah 18:1-12, God molds and shapes his people through the Holy Spirit every day.
2. That work continues until the Day of Christ Jesus, or the second coming of Jesus, when all will be made perfect: no sorrow, no pain, no disease.
3. Paul’s confidence is rooted in the grace that he sees in the Philippians and the trust that he has in God. He will finish what he’s obviously started.
4. “The chief thing, indeed, to be understood here is — until the termination of the conflict. Now the conflict is terminated by death. As, however, the Spirit is accustomed to speak in this manner in reference to the last coming of Christ, it were better to extend the advancement of the grace of Christ to the resurrection of the flesh.” -Calvin, Commentary on Philippians

⁷It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart and, whether I am in chains or defending and confirming the gospel, all of you share in God’s grace with me. ⁸God can testify how I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus.

The Philippians did not abandon Paul when he was imprisoned. This wasn’t his first imprisonment, but they remained faithful supporters in both good and difficult times
His love for them isn’t built on their material gifts or their delightful personalities, but on the affection of Christ that flows through him.
“He calls not God to witness as though he should be doubted, but does this from his great affection, and his exceeding persuasion and confidence; for after saying that they had fellowship with him, he adds this also, in the tender mercies of Christ, lest they should think that his longing for them was for this cause, and not simply for their own sake. “ -Chrysostom, Homily 1 on Philippians
We are called to love with more than our own limited human love: we’re built to allow God’s love to flow through us
1. Though he was not a Christian, the quote from the medieval Islamic poet Havez puts it beautifully: “I am a hole in a flute that the Christ’s breath moves through—listen to this music.” -Hafiz, as translated by Daniel Ladinsky.

⁹And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, ¹⁰so that you may be able to discern what is best and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, ¹¹filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ—to the glory and praise of God.

“…that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, so that you may be able to discern what is best…”
1. Paul does not simply pray that they love more — he prays that their love grows in knowledge and depth of insight.
2. The issue is not whether we love. Everyone loves something. The question is: what do we love, and how do we love it?
Our affections are disordered in this fallen world.
1. We can love the talents that God gave us so much that we imagine that they’re products of our excellence, rather than his generosity.
2. We can love money so much that we find joy in hoarding it, rather than in using it to further God’s kingdom.
3. We can love food so much that we eat it just to taste it, rather than appreciating that it is God’s provision for us.
Augustine wrote on the need for Christians to learn to rightly order their affections, especially having experienced his own chaotic younger days before he knew God.
1. “I loved you far too late, beauty so old and so new—far too late. You were in me, but I was outside myself looking for you in the world. In my ugliness, I plunged into those beautiful created things which you made. You were with me, but I was not with you. Those beautiful things kept me far from you, even though they wouldn’t have existed at all if they didn’t exist in you. You called out to me and overwhelmed my deafness. Your radiance pierced my blindness. I drew in your fragrance and now pant after you. I tasted you, and now I only hunger and thirst for you. You touched me, and I am on fire to have your peace.”-Augustine, Confessions, X. 38.
2. “For he loves you too little who loves anything together with you which he does not love for your sake.” -Augustine, Confessions, X. 40.
Paul’s prays that that the obvious love in the church at Philippi continues to be rightly ordered so that they can see the giver’s glory shining through every good gift and love him all the more for it.
Someday, we’ll stand in front of Christ and look at him eye to eye. We long to hear him say “Well done, good and faithful servant,” (Matt. 25:21). Paul prays that they hear exactly that, as they live a life that loves well and is pure and righteous in Christ’s sight.

Full Transcript

Today, we begin a fresh undertaking as we go through the book of Philippians chapter by chapter and verse by verse. In many ways, it is not a particularly large undertaking—it is a short book of the Bible, only four chapters, so it will probably take around eight weeks to get through it all. But just because it is short does not mean there is not tremendous depth to it. Philippians is a book I recommend to new Christians all the time, as well as to people who just feel beat up, because it is like a warm hug on a cold day. It is encouraging and delightful. Even the way Paul teaches doctrine in this letter is particularly beautiful.

This book is an epistle, which is just the fancy church word for a letter. This letter was written from the Apostle Paul to the church at Philippi, which means there are some factors that might help us understand it well. For example, what was the deal with Philippi? What was the church there like, and why did Paul write them a letter? Before we dive into the content directly, let’s do a little background work so we can understand it well, as it will pay off in the long run.

Philippi was a Roman colony in the region of Macedonia. A Roman colony was a city set up by citizens for citizens, making it very Roman in its people, culture, and legal system. Outside of Italy, local cultures across the Roman Empire could vary significantly—for instance, the area surrounding Philippi in modern-day Greece might feel quite Greek—but within the colony itself, the atmosphere was distinctly and patriotically Roman.

About a hundred years before this letter was written, Philippi was the site of a civil war that ultimately ended the Roman Republic. Back when the Romans were a republic, they had safeguards against any one person getting too much power. When Julius Caesar politically maneuvered to gain more power, concerned members of the Senate assassinated him. In response, Caesar’s son Octavian and his right-hand man Mark Antony raised armies to fight the most influential assassins, Brutus and Cassius. This major war ended with the pro-imperial faction victorious and the pro-senate faction defeated. Octavian later became Caesar Augustus. Some of the residents in Philippi were descendants of soldiers from that battle, making them proud of their heritage. Much like Gettysburg today, where everything is star-spangled and deeply patriotic, Philippi was a city proud of its Roman roots.

As for the church itself, the Book of Acts records the conversions that led to its foundation, and those individuals were likely still part of the congregation since it had not been that long. In Acts chapter 16, Paul originally intended to go to Asia, but the Holy Spirit redirected him through a vision of a man from Macedonia asking for help. Paul went to Macedonia in Europe instead, founding the first European church in Philippi.

Acts highlights three conversions in particular. The first was Lydia, a purple fabric merchant. Purple dye was incredibly precious—worth more than gold—because making it required harvesting sea snails near the city of Tyre. It was so valuable that laws regulated who could wear it, reserving pure purple garments for the emperor and restricting others based on status. As a dealer in purple fabric, Lydia was likely wealthy and well-connected. After she and her household heard about Jesus and were baptized, the church gained its first converts.

Later, as Paul and his companions walked through Philippi, they were followed by a slave girl possessed by a demon—literally a “spirit of Pythonus,” an animal associated in Greek culture with Apollo. Local residents believed her fortune-telling abilities came from Apollo, and her owners made a great deal of money off her. She followed Paul’s group, shouting that they were servants of the Most High God declaring the way to be saved. Although the statement was true, Paul eventually cast the demon out of her.

This created trouble when her owners, realizing their source of income was gone, dragged Paul and Silas to court. They were beaten and thrown into the darkest, dankest cell of the prison. That night, despite their suffering, they were praying and singing hymns. Suddenly, an earthquake shook the prison, opening the doors and loosening everyone’s chains. Instead of fleeing, the prisoners stayed put. When the jailer saw the open doors, he drew his sword to commit suicide—a customary act for a Roman officer facing utter disgrace. Paul stopped him, assuring him that everyone was accounted for. Seeing this, the jailer asked how to be saved, received the gospel, and was baptized alongside his family.

Thus, the core of the Philippian church included a wealthy purple merchant, a Roman jailer, and presumably the former slave girl. This became a healthy congregation that Paul frequently cited as a positive example. They supported him regularly, which brings us to the reason for this letter.

Paul wrote this letter from a Roman prison. He was not in a dungeon; he was under room arrest in a rented space, chained and guarded around the clock while awaiting a decision from Emperor Nero. Because he could not leave, he needed financial support to pay rent and buy food. Hearing of his need, the church at Philippi sent him financial aid. Paul wrote back to thank them, encourage them, and teach them.

The opening two verses follow the standard pattern of ancient letters:

“Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ, To all God’s holy people in Christ Jesus at Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”

In that culture, letters began by identifying the sender, which made it immediately clear who was speaking. Paul included Timothy, his co-worker in the gospel to whom he would later write First and Second Timothy. He addressed the letter to all God’s holy people in Philippi, alongside the overseers (or bishops) and deacons. In the early church, terms like overseer and elder were often used interchangeably for leadership roles, while deacons managed specific ministries. Paul addressed the whole body—congregation and leaders alike. His greeting of “grace and peace” wished them both the unearned favor of God through Christ and the deep spiritual security that comes from resting in Him.

In verse three, Paul transitions into thanksgiving:

“I thank my God every time I remember you. In all my prayers for all of you, I always pray with joy because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.”

Paul expressed pure joy over this church, referring to them as his partners in the gospel. Though Paul was an apostle, he viewed the believers as fellow workers. In the same way, Christians are called to partner with and support one another in their distinct roles, whether as pastors, teachers, or supporters. Paul was confident that God, who began this work in them like a potter shaping clay, would continue refining them until the day of Christ’s return.

He continued in verse seven:

“It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart; and whether I am in chains or defending and confirming the gospel, all of you share in God’s grace with me. God can testify how I long for all of you with the affection of Jesus Christ.”

The Philippians stood by Paul through good times and bad, supporting him even when he was imprisoned. Because of their faithfulness, Paul loved them not merely out of personal preference, but with the genuine affection of Christ.

Finally, in verse nine, Paul offered a specific prayer for their growth:

“And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, so that you may be able to discern what is best and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ—to the glory and praise of God.”

Paul prayed that their love would be guided by knowledge and spiritual discernment. It is easy to misplace our affections on material blessings, wealth, or earthly comforts rather than on God Himself. Paul wanted them to love wisely and rightly so that, on the day they stand face to face with Jesus, they might hear the words, “Well done, good and faithful servant.”

John 7:37-52: The Last Day of the Feast of Tabernacles

August 25, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

³⁷On the last and greatest day of the festival, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink.

The First Seven Days: Daily Water Libation Ritual
1. During the Feast of Tabernacles, a water libation ritual was performed for the first seven days.
2. A priest would carry a golden pitcher from the temple to the Pool of Siloam to fill it with water. He would then go back to the temple, leading a celebratory procession on the way, and pour out the water on the temple’s altar alongside a little wine.
3. The water symbolized gratitude for God’s provision in the past (especially how he provided for Israel during their time in the wilderness) and how he had provided the crops that they just harvested that year.
4. The wine was a reminder that God had not just provided sustenance, but joy.
The Last (Eighth) Day of the Feast
1. On the eighth and final day, there is no water libation ritual. Instead people pray for water for the coming year to nourish their crops.
2. Jesus is standing up on a day that everyone is praying for water and using the metaphor of water to speak to people in a way that addresses exactly what they’re praying for.
3. This is also the last day of the feast, so Jesus won’t have another opportunity to address this particular crowd of people.
4. It’s easy to imagine how passionate his teaching would be on this particular date. He’s like a pastor that’s giving one last heartfelt sermon to his congregation before he moves on. “If there’s one thing to learn, here it is! Please listen!”
5. “On the last day. The first thing that ought to be observed here is, that no plots or intrigues of enemies terrified Christ, so as to cause him to desist from his duty; but, on the contrary, his courage rose with dangers, so that he persevered with greater firmness. This is proved by the circumstance of the time, the crowded assembly, and the freedom he used in exclaiming, while he knew that hands were stretched out on all sides to seize him; for it is probable that the officers were at that time ready to execute their commission.” -John Calvin, Commentary on John 7
The Invitation: “Come to Me and Drink”
1. “O blessed invitation, how sweet it should be to every thirsty soul! ‘If any man’ — prince or pauper, ‘any man’ — moral or utterly debauched, ‘if any man thirst, let him come unto me,’ — not to ordinances, nor to human priests, ‘let him come unto me, and drink,’ as much as he will “without money, and without price.” -Charles Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Verse Expositions of the Bible, John 7.
2. The invitation is broad and open to anyone. It doesn’t matter how wealthy you are, or where you’re from, or what your heritage is. There are a few prerequisites to answer the call, but it’s not about any of that.
3. Prerequisite 1: Being Thirsty
  1. “The first prerequisite for a person to co me and drink is that they have to be thirsty. In Scripture, thirst is commonly associated with a deep yearning for closeness with God: Ps 42:1-2, Psalm 63:1, Isaiah 55:1, Isa 65:13 etc.
  2. Sin has disrupted our relationship with God. We aren’t in a good place with him naturally. That’s why we yearn for the closeness that was lost at the dawn of humanity in Eden.
  3. Some people have been thirsty so long that they don’t even recognize it anymore. They assume that deep emptiness is just normal, or they push it down by pursuing other things that will never fill the yearning in their heart, but might distract them and numb them for a time.
  4. There are many who call themselves Christians that still aren’t really thirsty for God. They assume that a bit of church in their life or a spare prayer is enough God for them. Jesus needs thirsty people to come and drink, not people who have had enough of him for now.
4. Prerequisite 2: Taking Action
  1. If a person wants to come to Christ and drink, they have to actually act on that interest. Even the thirstiest person stays thirsty if they sit by an oasis and refuse to drink.
  2. There is no amount of theorizing that can end in salvation. Thinking can prime the pump, but until it is accompanied by action, it’s insufficient.
  3. Sometimes, we excuse delays in coming to Jesus. Our life is too busy! Too chaotic! This just isn’t the right season for devotion. We’ll get right with the Lord tomorrow. There are a million excuses to delay action.

³⁸Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.” ³⁹By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified.

“Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.”

1. When John Wesley was banned from Anglican pulpits because of his “religious enthusiasm,”, he began field preaching and used this very verse to invite people to accept the gospel in his day. His journal entry for April 8, 1739 reads: “About five thousand were in the afternoon at Rose Green (on the other side of Kingswood); among whom I stood and cried in the name of the Lord, “If any man thirst, let him come unto me and drink. He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water.”
“…rivers of living water…”
1. Those who “drink” of God’s grace become life-giving sources for others, helping quench spiritual thirst.
2. Believers should ask how often they nourish others. A true Christian doesn’t just take; they give to everyone freely.
“By this he meant the Spirit…”
1. “Yet we read of John the Baptist, He shall be filled with the Holy Ghost even from his mother’s womb. (Luke 1:15) And Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied. Mary was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied of our Lord. And so were Simeon and Anna, that they might acknowledge the greatness of the infant Christ. We are to understand then that the giving of the Holy Spirit was to be certain, after Christ’s exaltation, in a way in which it never was before. It was to have a peculiarity at His coming, which it had not before. For we no where read of men under the influence of the Holy Spirit, speaking with tongues which they had never known, as then took place, when it was necessary to evidence His coming by sensible miracles.” (Augustine, De Trinitiate, iv. c. xx)

⁴⁰On hearing his words, some of the people said, “Surely this man is the Prophet.”

⁴¹Others said, “He is the Messiah.”

Still others asked, “How can the Messiah come from Galilee? ⁴²Does not Scripture say that the Messiah will come from David’s descendants and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?” ⁴³Thus the people were divided because of Jesus. ⁴⁴Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him.

“the people were divided because of Jesus.”
1. Division appeared at every level: Jesus’ family (His brothers), the crowd, between leadership and the people, and within leadership itself (Nicodemus vs. other Pharisees).
2. Jesus made it abundantly clear that he would not be a unifying force for the world. To the contrary, he would divide it (Matthew 10:34-37).
3. Unity within a group of people is no substitute for the real power of Christ being offered to us by him. It can be complicated to determine when we need to come together, and when something demands that we act divisively to cling to Christ, but we’re called to that work.
4. A very large church going through the United/Global Methodist split once said that regardless of what the denomination’s official stance on Scripture or same sex marriage was, they would not leave the denomination because, “Division is not a kingdom reality.” One can only wish that they were around to correct Jesus’s divisiveness, much less Paul’s constant concern about churches following false doctrine that draws them away from Christ (Acts 20:29-30, 2 Corinthians 11:4).
“How can the Messiah come from Galilee?”
1. Some people object that he can’t be the messiah because he’s not from Bethlehem (Micah 5:2) and not a descendant of David (Isaiah 11:1). Jesus is both of these things, but they don’t bother to ask him to clarify.
2. They use their concerns to keep a distance between themselves and Jesus, rather than recognizing them as an opportunity to seek the truth.
3. “And how could they forget that Jesus was born [in Bethlehem]? Had not Herod given them terrible reason to remember it?” (John Wesley, Notes on the NT, John 7)

⁴⁵Finally the temple guards went back to the chief priests and the Pharisees, who asked them, “Why didn’t you bring him in?”

⁴⁶“No one ever spoke the way this man does,” the guards replied.

“No one ever spoke the way this man does.”
1. Temple guards, specifically loyal to the Sanhedrin, were sent earlier (Jn 7:32). One must imagine that this was not the first man they’d ever arrested on the Sanhedrin’s orders! But in spite of their loyalty, they can’t bring themselves to arrest Jesus.
2. They were captivated by His words, which rang true. They could not seize Him. God was at work in their hearts.
3. “The Pharisees and Scribes profited nothing by seeing the miracles, and reading the Scriptures; but their officers, who had done neither, were captivated with once hearing Him; and they who went to take hold of Him, were themselves taken hold of by the miracle. Nor did they say, We could not because of the multitude: but made themselves proclaimers of Christ’s wisdom: The officers answered, Never man spake like this Man.” -John Chrysostom, Hom. lii. 1

⁴⁷“You mean he has deceived you also?” the Pharisees retorted. ⁴⁸“Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him? ⁴⁹No! But this mob that knows nothing of the law—there is a curse on them.”

The Pharisees’ Reaction
1. The Pharisees answer with classism, calling the people a “stupid mob,” ignorant of the law and deceived.
2. They argue none of the rulers or Pharisees believe in Jesus, which is is quickly proven false as Nicodemus is just about to speak in his favor.
3. They dismissed the guards’ experience, telling them to stop thinking and simply obey.

⁵⁰Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus earlier and who was one of their own number, asked, ⁵¹“Does our law condemn a man without first hearing him to find out what he has been doing?”

⁵²They replied, “Are you from Galilee, too? Look into it, and you will find that a prophet does not come out of Galilee.”

“Does our law condemn a man without first hearing him to find out what he has been doing?”
1. Nicodemus’s, who previously spoke with Jesus in John 3, speaks up to defend him.
2. Nicodemos’s defense isn’t even particularly intense. He asks only that others investigate Jesus before condemning him, as is required by law.
3. The Pharisees mock him: “Are you from Galilee too?” implying he’s a country bumpkin like the others that favor Jesus and certainly not one of them.
4. “Nicodemus indeed knew, or rather believed, that if only they were willing to give Him a patient hearing, they would perhaps become like those who were sent to take Him, but preferred to believe. They answered from the prejudice of their heart.” -Augustine, Tractate 33, 2.
They claim, “a prophet does not come out of Galilee,” despite the fact that Jonah was a historical prophet that was indeed from Galilee. Their bias prevents them from seeing obvious truths in front of them.

Full Transcript

We are on the last third of chapter seven. We saw in the beginning, that first third, there’s this festival coming, the Feast of Tabernacles, and Jesus’ brothers taunt him. They say, “Look Mr. Big Shot! You think you’re such a big deal? Go down to Jerusalem with us and show everyone what you can do! Show them your miracles! I’m sure they’ll be real impressed!” And Jesus told them, “I don’t work on your timeline. I work on my Father’s timeline. I’m not doing it.”

So they leave, they go to the festival. Jesus does go to the Feast of Tabernacles, not to do miracles, but as someone devoutly seeking to keep the law. And that second third, we saw that Jesus about halfway through the festival can’t hold back from teaching. He’s heard so much bad teaching that he just can’t help himself. He starts teaching people the truth, and he is compelling. The crowds can’t help but be enraptured by the things that he’s saying. Jesus is incredible. He is eloquent, he is thoughtful, he is saying things that they have always known to be true, and now they’re hearing it, and they’re amazed.

But not everyone. There are some people that throw up barriers, that bring up these strange questions that don’t really make a lot of sense when you think about them. They find reasons not to listen to Jesus; barriers to make. That’s when we also see the rulers getting frustrated. They sent some soldiers to go and seize him, but they couldn’t.

Now as we get ready to go into this final third of chapter 7, there are a few things here. We see it’s the last day of the festival. The festival’s eight days long; Feast of Tabernacles lasts for eight days. Remember, this is a festival that has a dual nature to it. On one hand, you’re being thankful for the distant past. You’re thankful for the forty years in the wilderness where God provided manna and provided dew and kept the Israelites safe during that forty years of wandering. You are giving thanks for God’s provision in the past. For the recent past, this is also a harvest festival, and so you think back on the crops from the past year, what God gave you in food and water recently, and you are giving Him thanks for that. That is the essence of this particular feast.

For seven days, they have a little ritual that they do every morning to show that. The priest would go from the Temple Mount down to the Pool of Siloam, which is a few hundred feet away. He would take a golden pitcher and he would kneel down and get some water. Remember, this is a feast, a festival, exciting—there are people celebrating, like a little parade. They take that pitcher full of water to the altar, and then they pour it with a little bit of wine on the altar to symbolize giving thanks to God for the water, both from those forty years and from the past year that helped nourish the crops. You are giving thanks for what you drank and for what the crops had. The wine symbolizes joy, because God hasn’t just given you enough to sustain you; He has also brought joy.

For seven of the eight days they start the day with that, but on the last day, on the eighth day, there is something a little different. On the eighth day, they don’t do that. There’s no libation ritual. Instead, everyone just thinks about water. They don’t actually work with it ritually; they just pray to God: “God, please for the coming year continue to provide water for your people. Continue to provide the water that’s going to nourish our crops and keep us here.” So this last day, everyone is thinking about water, and Jesus is going to talk to them about water.

Keep in mind, this being the last day, not only is there that significance of knowing that everyone’s praying for water, but this is also the last time Jesus is going to get to speak to these particular people. This is the last time he’s going to see this particular crowd, and we can see he’s especially passionate. It tells us he spoke loudly when he was teaching this day. It doesn’t always tell us that. There’s a certain kind of passion that comes out when someone knows this is their last opportunity to be heard.

I’m sure you’ve seen it. You’ve seen different pastors have their last sermon, and the last one usually is a little extra passionate because they’re trying to say that one thing: “If you didn’t get anything out of me, this is the thing I hope you remember.” That is exactly what Jesus did. He’s a little extra passionate. He knows this is his last opportunity to reach these people, and so here he goes. He is speaking with passion, speaking to them with his heart. He goes to them and he uses that theme of water. Everyone’s praying for water, and he says, “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink.”

That’s a pretty broad invitation, right? “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink.” Anyone can go to Jesus. You don’t need to be of a certain economic status, you don’t need to be from a certain continent, you don’t need to be a certain race. Anyone, any singular person on this earth is capable of going to Jesus. But this broad invitation does show that not necessarily everybody will.

There are a few things that you need to do. First, you got to be thirsty. “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink.” We are made for God. Just look at Genesis—from the very beginning, there was this closeness between humans and God that was disrupted by sin. We long for that closeness; we long to be close to God. That’s normal, that thirst is natural. It’s just us wanting to be what we’re supposed to be.

Now, some people have been so thirsty for so long, they don’t even feel it anymore. They don’t even recognize that yearning; they just think it’s how you’re supposed to feel: “Oh yeah, that deep-seated sense of emptiness? That’s normal. Don’t worry about that. Just push it down with a fun Friday night and try not to think about it too much.” It’s not normal. We have to pray for people that don’t feel that thirst. They feel it, but they’re used to it; they feel like it’s natural. It’s not! We pray that they sense it.

It’s not just non-Christians. Sometimes there are people who think of themselves as Christians who think, “Oh, I go to church enough. I pray enough, I do enough of the Jesus thing.” If you have had enough to drink, you are not thirsty, and that is a prerequisite. Jesus says, “You have to be thirsty. You have to want it.”

It’s not just about wanting it; there’s a second part to this: “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink.” You got to do something. It’s not just about that internal yearning, acknowledging that it exists and following it. You got to do something. The most thirsty person in the entire world, if they were right next to an oasis, would continue to be thirsty if they did not take a drink.

Sometimes you’ll occasionally meet people that say, “Oh man, I really wish I was one of those spiritual people that had a relationship with God. I wish I was, but I’m just really busy right now. This schedule… I’m busy, I can’t do it right now, but someday I’ll get to it. I know that it’s important to do the God thing, but right now it’s just not a good time. My life is chaos. I’m going to get to it!” Even if you feel that thirst, if you’re not doing it, it doesn’t make a difference. You have to do something. You have to make the choice to turn to Jesus, and it’s an active choice. Jesus tells us not only to recognize our thirst, but to go to him.

Then there’s a third thing too: what’s the third thing? Well, he tells us, “Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.” By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time, the Spirit had not been given since Jesus had not yet been glorified.

If you feel that thirst and if you drink, you should have rivers of living water in you. You should become the kind of person that can help others find and drink of that grace of God. You should be a fount of it yourself through the Holy Spirit. Every one of us should be that. I think that’s one of those things you have to think about every so often. You have to ask: Do I have that in me? Am I someone that takes and takes and takes, or am I the kind of person where, wherever I go, people find life? Am I nourishing others? Do I see an outpouring of the Holy Spirit where I’m going? Because if we have drunk of the grace of God through Jesus, that is what is supposed to happen. That’s the next step. If it’s not happening, we have to take a step back and ask, am I really drinking of that grace? You got to want it, you got to drink, and you should see that bubbling up of the Spirit in your life. Others should find their thirst quenched through the grace of God in you.

Now people hear this and it makes an impact. On hearing his words, some of the people said, “Surely this man is the Prophet.” Others said, “He is the Messiah.” Still others asked, “How can the Messiah come from Galilee? Does not Scripture say the Messiah will come from David’s descendants and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?”

We’ve got two groups that recognize that Jesus is doing something important, and then this third and final group. Isn’t it interesting? Earlier the crowd said, “Well, Jesus couldn’t be the Messiah because we’re not supposed to know where the Messiah comes from.” That doesn’t make any sense. Now, a few days later, they’re like, “Well, the Messiah’s supposed to come from Bethlehem and he’s not from Bethlehem. He’s from Galilee.” Their excuses are changing depending on the circumstances just to find ways to create distance.

Jesus is from Bethlehem, and they could know that. All they have to do is one thing: go to him and ask. He’s right there. He’s not far. But they don’t. They don’t go to him and ask. Instead of using that question as an opportunity to go to Jesus, they use it as a way to create distance, as an excuse to not have to take him seriously anymore.

There’s this great quote from theologian James Boyce. He writes, “Are you the one who has been rejecting Jesus Christ on a quibble? Do you refuse to come because you cannot understand where Cain got his wife, or how God can punish sinners, or why we are to believe in a virgin birth or a resurrection? Is there some little question that you’re using to create distance between you and God?”

If you have those questions, you can use them to go to Jesus, to ask and to learn, but you got to go to him. You can’t just sit with them and use them as an excuse. See how these people—their question had an answer. All they had to do was ask, and they didn’t, so they missed out. Don’t let a quibble hold you back. Don’t sit with that one question, saying, “I’m not going to buy in until X, Y, Z,” without looking into it or asking Jesus, just going about your life using it to create distance. Don’t hold back. If you’ve got those quibbles, ask, seek an answer. Go to Jesus. He will answer.

Thus the people were divided because of Jesus. Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid hands on him because his hour had not yet come.

Finally, the temple guards went back to the chief priests and the Pharisees, who asked them, “Why didn’t you bring him in?”

“No one ever spoke the way this man does,” the guards replied.

They sent these guards days ago to get Jesus and bring him in, and the guards just started listening to Jesus. They heard him speaking, and something about his words rang true. They were beautiful; they were right. They had to hear just a little bit more every day, and in the end, they couldn’t bring themselves to seize Jesus.

We saw earlier it said it was not time; God had a plan for Jesus, so they couldn’t do it. This explains the logic of it. Why did it happen? It’s not like Jesus had a magical force field that activated from God. God was at work in their hearts; they could not lift a hand against Jesus.

The Pharisees respond, “You mean he’s deceived you also? Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him? No! This mob knows nothing of the law. There is a curse on them.”

The Pharisees respond with pure classism: “You stupid guards! We don’t pay you to think. Do you see any of the leaders believing it? Do you see any of the Pharisees believing this? No!” By the way, they’re wrong on both counts. When Jesus was born, there happened to be three kings that were very interested in seeing him, and Nicodemus, one of the Pharisees, had been to see Jesus. There are repeated instances already where they’re wrong, but they don’t even care about the details. To them, they are the elites, and if someone is really one of them, they would never believe this Jesus guy. “You stupid guards wouldn’t get it. Stop thinking and just do what we tell you to do.”

Nicodemus, the Pharisee who went to Jesus—you remember him all the way back from John chapter 3? Under the cover of night, Nicodemus went to Jesus, curious but also a little hesitant. He told Jesus, “You told us we’re supposed to be born again. Doesn’t make a lot of sense, Jesus. I hear you’re a great teacher, but what am I supposed to do? Crawl back inside my mother’s womb?” There’s a reluctance to him, but also a curiosity.

Now we see, as he sees the Pharisees coming against Jesus and his fellow members of the elite lining up, he recognizes that this is not right. They are not living up to their own standards. They haven’t even heard this Jesus guy, they don’t even know what he’s about, and they’re sure he’s wrong. He warns them, saying, “Does our law condemn a man without first hearing him to find out what he’s been doing?”

“You guys don’t even know what Jesus is about! Let’s talk to him! You should hear what he has to say.” Nicodemus has heard it, and clearly it made an impact on him. They should hear it too.

Their response to Nicodemus is just, “Are you from Galilee too?” Remember, Galilee is that rural region Jesus is coming from. “Look, are you some kind of hick? You one of them? You can’t be one of us if you’re not willing to attack Jesus. Are you from Galilee too? Look into it. You will find that a prophet does not come out of Galilee.”

Which is wrong on multiple counts, because first off, prophets historically had come from Galilee. There was no region of Israel that was permanently barred from having people that were faithful to God. As a matter of fact, one of the more prominent prophets, Jonah, is from Galilee, and there are others as well. There were prophets that had come from Galilee. But maybe they meant the prophet of prophets, the King of kings, the Messiah will not come out of Galilee. They would be right if that’s the case, but they would also be asking the wrong questions, because Jesus is not from Galilee. Jesus is from Bethlehem.

As we come to the end of the Feast of Tabernacles, one major theme to think about—there’s a particular scripture that comes to my mind from the book of Matthew that really cuts to the heart of John chapter 7. Matthew 10:34–36: “Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I have come to turn a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”

Jesus has come to save, but that’s difficult work. It would have been easier to just leave us as we were, but the earth as it is does not always want to be saved. There are battle lines being drawn. You see how Jesus causes separation: there’s a division within his own family as his brothers don’t believe in him, the crowd is separated from one another because some believe and some don’t, the leadership is separated from the people as they rely on prejudice to say anyone who’s not one of them is stupid, and leadership is divided from other leadership.

Divisions continue as people have to ask the question: Whose side are you on? The side of Jesus or the side of the world? That is a division where you can’t be neutral. You either know the King and are obedient to him, or you’re not. You can’t be neutral towards the King and be one of his servants.

That’s a good thing for all of us to ask ourselves: If the battle lines have been drawn, have we chosen to be on the side of Jesus? Are we there? Are we experiencing it? If we’re not, the invitation’s always there. Jesus gave it 2,000 years ago, and it still stands: “Anyone who is thirsty, come to me and drink.” If you do, you will be filled with a river of running water through the Holy Spirit.

John 7:14-36 Teaching at the Festival of Tabernacles

June 4, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

14 Not until halfway through the festival did Jesus go up to the temple courts and begin to teach. 15 The Jews there were amazed and asked, “How did this man get such learning without having been taught?”

“Not until halfway through the festival…”
1. Jesus came to the Festival of Tabernacles as a devout Jew following God’s commands, not as a public figure intending to do teachings or miracles, but he could not tolerate hearing falsehoods being taught.
2. One can imagine all of the different sects of Judaism there that might have frustrated Jesus to the point that he had to speak up:
  1. The Sadducees and their denial of the afterlife.
  2. The Pharisees and their hyper-fixation on the law.
  3. The Essenes and their ritualistic apocalypticism.
  4. The Zealots and their anti-Roman fervor.
  5. Some would-be political messiah trying to drum up support.
3. Truth was so important to Jesus that he had to speak, even when the world longed for him to be silent.
“How did this man get such learning…”
1. Jesus’s teachings were profound to the crowd. Given their location, there’s no doubt that they had heard other highly-educated rabbis speak, but Jesus’s teachings seem to have made all others look like little children in comparison.
2. Unlike other rabbis in his era like Rabbi Hillel and Rabbi Shammai, Jesus did not cite others at length. He taught with authority because he was God, the ultimate source of truth. Who could he have possibly quoted that would add even an ounce of authority to the divine “I am?”
3. Some did seem concerned that Jesus did not possess a traditional rabbinic education. Typically, there was a lengthy apprenticeship (up to ten years) under an established rabbi.
4. There can be no doubt that education is valuable, but the purpose of any education is to find truth, which is more important than any formal credentials or accolades. Jesus himself was the truth. Nothing could add to what he already embodied.

16 Jesus answered, “My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me. 17 Anyone who chooses to do the will of God will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own. 18 Whoever speaks on their own does so to gain personal glory, but he who seeks the glory of the one who sent him is a man of truth; there is nothing false about him. 19 Has not Moses given you the law? Yet not one of you keeps the law. Why are you trying to kill me?”

Jesus proves that his knowledge is legitimate in three different ways

Scripture: “My teaching is not my own…”
1. The Israelites had the word of God with them in the Old Testament Scriptures. To verify Jesus’s teachings, they could literally check to see if Christ’s words were his own, or if they aligned with the word of God.
2. Early Christians constantly pointed to the Old Testament for evidence of God’s coming work in Christ.
  1. In his famous Dialogue with Trypho, Justin Martyr (a Christian) debates a Jew named Trypho and uses the Old Testament extensively to persuade him of Christ’s divinity.
  2. “If I undertook to prove this by doctrines or arguments of man, you should not bear with me. But if I quote frequently Scriptures, and so many of them, referring to this point, and ask you to comprehend them, you are hard-hearted in the recognition of the mind and will of God.” -Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, Ch. 68.

1. 1. The ultimate authority for teaching is Scripture, not any degree or certification
    1. “In the Bible we have a perfect library, and he who studies it thoroughly will be a better scholar than if he had devoured the Alexandrian Library entire”. -Charles Spurgeon, Lectures to my Students, Lecture XIII.
Action: “Anyone who chooses to do the will of God will find out whether my teaching comes from God.”
1. He tied knowledge to lived experience, asserting real knowledge changes one’s life. In embodying his teachings, you could feel the power of God.
2. Many people carry strange pet conspiracy theories about the world, but these theories go unacted on. They aren’t real enough to affect a life, and so they are not really real at all.”
3. Choosing to pray, to read Scripture, and to ask God for help are often significant moments where someone who is only theorizing about being a Chrisitan sees the power of God. Living like a Chrisitan shows the power of God in your life.
4. Wesley famously emphasized the value of living the will of God to understand it better. In his commentary, he notes on this verse: “This is a universal rule, with regard to all persons and doctrines. He that is thoroughly willing to do it, shall certainly know what the will of God is.”
Personal Witness- “He who seeks the glory of the one who sent him is a man of truth. There is nothing false about him.”
1. Jesus’s motivations are selfless. He’s putting himself at risk to teach, rather than others who taught for personal glory.
2. Christ’s life was so blameless and obviously beyond reproach. He’s so confident in this fact that he asks the crowd why they dare to attack him when they all break the law.

20 “You are demon-possessed,” the crowd answered. “Who is trying to kill you?”

21 Jesus said to them, “I did one miracle, and you are all amazed. 22 Yet, because Moses gave you circumcision (though actually it did not come from Moses, but from the patriarchs), you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath. 23 Now if a boy can be circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, why are you angry with me for healing a man’s whole body on the Sabbath? 24 Stop judging by mere appearances, but instead judge correctly.”

“You are demon-possessed…Who is trying to kill you?”

1. In this particular instance of Scripture, “are you demon possessed,” might translate to something like, “Are you crazy?” They’re saying that Jesus is wildly inconsistent with reality.
2. In verse 13, they deliberately stayed quiet about Jesus because they were afraid of the leaders that wanted to kill him. They know.
3. The crowd would rather be comfortable than brave. Openly admitting that the leaders are corrupt would be life-shattering, so they claim Jesus is crazy rather than affirming what their hearts know is true.
“…you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath.”

1. Circumcision is a ritual that does a small amount of damage to someone to keep the law of God. This was allowable on a Sunday.
2. Jesus healed someone on a Sunday and got in trouble. If a small amount of pain is tolerable for God’s sake on the Sabbath, why is a miraculous healing inappropriate? The logic is inconsistent.
3. “By this example he defends his action, although he does not merely argue from what is similar, but draws a comparison between the greater and the less. There was this similarity between circumcision and the cure of the paralytic, that both were works of God; but Christ maintains that the latter is more excellent, because the benefit of it extends to the whole man. Now if he had merely cured the man of bodily disease, the comparison would not have been applicable; for circumcision would have greater excellence as to the cure of the soul. Christ, therefore, connects the spiritual advantage of the miracle with the outward benefit granted to the body; and on this account he justly prefers to circumcision the entire cure of a man.” -John Calvin, Commentary on John, Ch. 7, 188.

25 At that point some of the people of Jerusalem began to ask, “Isn’t this the man they are trying to kill? 26 Here he is, speaking publicly, and they are not saying a word to him. Have the authorities really concluded that he is the Messiah? 27 But we know where this man is from; when the Messiah comes, no one will know where he is from.”

28 Then Jesus, still teaching in the temple courts, cried out, “Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from. I am not here on my own authority, but he who sent me is true. You do not know him, 29 but I know him because I am from him and he sent me.”

30 At this they tried to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his hour had not yet come. 31 Still, many in the crowd believed in him. They said, “When the Messiah comes, will he perform more signs than this man?”

“Have the authorities really concluded that he is the Messiah?”
1. Some in Jerusalem wondered if the authorities believed Jesus was the Messiah since he spoke publicly unhindered.
2. They dismissed this based on a folk belief that the Messiah’s origin would be unknown, while they knew Jesus was born in Bethlehem, failing to search the Scriptures, which do prophesy his birthplace (Micah 5:2 )
“Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from…”
1. “Therefore Christ asks in a tone of sarcasm: “‘You know where I come from? How well you know it! For because you do not know him who sent me, how could you know me and know where I come from? To be sure, you know that I was to come from Nazareth, from Galilee and Judea, and that is true; but that is not enough to know about my origin.’” -Martin Luther, The Fifth Sermon on John 7, (1531).
“no one laid a hand on him, because his hour had not yet come.”
1. When the crowd finally grasped beyond a doubt that Jesus was climbing to be the Son of God from Heaven, they dashed to seize him! Their logic had failed at every turn, and so they resorted to force. There was no room for convenient ignorance about his claimed title and purpose.
“Still, many in the crowd believed in him.”
1. “There was a certain crowd of people which quickly saw its own sickness, and without delay recognized His remedy.” -Augustine of Hippo, Tractate 31, 7.

32 The Pharisees heard the crowd whispering such things about him. Then the chief priests and the Pharisees sent temple guards to arrest him.

33 Jesus said, “I am with you for only a short time, and then I am going to the one who sent me. 34 You will look for me, but you will not find me; and where I am, you cannot come.”

35 The Jews said to one another, “Where does this man intend to go that we cannot find him? Will he go where our people live scattered among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks? 36 What did he mean when he said, ‘You will look for me, but you will not find me,’ and ‘Where I am, you cannot come’?”

“Will he go where our people live scattered among the Greeks…”
1. The leaders ensure that willful ignorance returns to the crowd. Despite Jesus talking about divine realms, they immediately pivot the conversation back to the earthly and interpret a meaning that isn’t at all rational in the conversation.
2. “The Lord was indeed about to go to the Gentiles, not by His bodily presence, but still with His feet. What were His feet? Those which Saul desired to trample upon by persecution, when the Head cried out to him, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?’ (Acts 9:4).” -Augustine of Hippo, Tractate 31, 7.

Full Transcript

Last week, we saw Jesus getting ready to go to the Festival of Tabernacles. He was going down to Jerusalem, and this week he is there. He is not going in public ministry; that is not his goal. He is not going there to officially try to teach, show off, or do miracles. He is just going to be an observant Jew. God said to go to the Festival of Tabernacles at Jerusalem, and so that is exactly what he did. Now, we are picking up here, and he is going to teach because he just can’t help himself.

As we go through, really pay attention to knowledge in this passage. I think a lot of people don’t necessarily associate knowledge with faith. They kind of think of them as different, separate things. People don’t often recognize that Jesus was brilliant. It is easy to imagine Jesus as a moral teacher—someone who came to teach people to be kind and to change the way they act. That is true. Sometimes people think he was just a peasant, a carpenter, a guy who was really folksy, and that is not necessarily untrue either. But this is also the one through whom everything was made; the whole world was made by him. He was brilliant. He knew it all because he made it all. There is no greater authority than him. Pay attention to the way he addresses knowledge throughout this passage, and the way he weaves it in with faith in a constructive way that I think can help a lot of us.

Verse 14 says, “Not until halfway through the festival did Jesus go up to the temple courts and begin to teach.” I think this is kind of a funny little passage, just the way it is worded. It is almost like saying he didn’t go there to teach, but would you believe it? He made it halfway through the festival before he got up there. They are surprised it took him that long. Jesus may not have come here to teach, but he could not stand by and listen as some of the nonsense being told at the temple went on.

This festival was on the temple mount. There would have been thousands of people from all over the place. Anyone who was a devout Jew would go to Jerusalem for this festival. While they were there, they would have encountered some of the religious sects of this timeframe who served as priests at this location, like the Pharisees, Sadducees, and the like. We see Jesus argue with the Pharisees all the time, so we will look at the Sadducees this time just as a thought exercise.

Let’s say there was a Sadducee priest there—and there certainly would have been. Imagine Jesus overhearing a conversation where someone goes up to this priest and says, “Excuse me, I just want to know how I can get to heaven.” The Sadducees didn’t believe in life after death, so they probably would have said something like, “Oh, you sweet summer child. There is no heaven. You’ve been taught incorrectly. Let me help explain how things really are. We’re just trying to live well in this life. Don’t worry about heaven.” Imagine Jesus standing over there, his eye twitching because he knows there is a heaven, he has seen it, and he is from there. Hearing incorrect teaching being taught to the people he came to help was more than he could bear. He makes it halfway through before he gets up and starts teaching, essentially saying, “All right, I’m going to have to set some of you straight because there are some things being said that are not so.”

Verse 15 says the Jews were amazed and asked, “How did this man get such learning without having been taught?” Notice first off that Jesus was a good teacher. The things he was saying were profound. The priests at the temple were no slouches; these were some of the foremost intellectuals of the entire society. They were spiritual leaders, but they were also responsible for the collective wisdom of their culture. The Greeks had their philosophers. Today, we have college professors as our foremost intellectuals. In Israel, they had the priests. If you had a question, the priests in Jerusalem were some of the most highly educated people you could possibly ask.

Jesus starts teaching at the temple and people listen to him, and he makes the leaders look like little children. Imagine if you were at a college lecture and one of the students stood up and said, “Professor, I think you’ve got a few details wrong. Let me just walk you through this.” Then they start writing formulas on the board, and sure enough, they know infinitely more than the professor does. That is what it was like. Jesus is brilliant. His teachings are profound in a way that others’ are not, and the way he teaches is different, too.

In this timeframe, the way rabbis taught was by pointing to all of the people who came in that tradition before them. If you were listening to a rabbi, they would say, “Well, on this matter Rabbi Hillel says this, but you also need to keep in mind Rabbi Shammai, who has a disagreeing opinion and would say this.” They were showing that they knew everyone who came before them and understood the conversation as it had gone thus far in their culture. That is not a bad way to teach. I do that. This morning I have a quote from Martin Luther for you. Why? Because he knows more than I do. I am not the authority. There are smarter, wiser people than me whom I lean on to try to make sure I am going in the right direction, and I try to show you when I am doing that.

Jesus didn’t need to do that. Jesus didn’t need to name-drop all of these other people he had learned from because he was God. He could teach with authority. He didn’t need to say, “Well, on this matter Rabbi Shammai says this, and Rabbi Hillel says this.” He could just say, “This is the way it is. Source: me. I’m telling you, that’s the way it is.” He taught with authority, and the things he said immediately rang true to people.

You see their response. They are amazed, but they also ask, “How did this man get such learning without being taught? Where are his credentials?” There was a formal education process to become a rabbi. You would need to apprentice under a pre-existing rabbi, a process that could take up to 10 years. If you really wanted to become a rabbi, you found a good one, asked to become their apprentice, and served under them until they felt you were ready. It could take a long time. Jesus did not do that. He had no formal education.

I am not one to deride education; there is no glory in ignorance. But at the same time, education is intended for a purpose. You need it to know what is true. That is the goal. If someone has 18 diplomas on their wall but they think one plus one is three, it doesn’t matter what their accolades are or how many years they spent studying. You are not looking for someone who has good credentials; you are looking for someone who can teach you what is true. Jesus didn’t have a formal education, but he knew what was true, which is infinitely more important.

Jesus shows the crowd that his knowledge and teaching are legitimate with three moves in this coming paragraph. He starts, “My teaching is not my own; it comes from the one who sent me.” They are wondering where he is getting this stuff, who he learned from, and how they can trust him. Jesus clarifies, “I am not teaching you things that are just my random opinion. I am teaching you what God says on this. That’s what I’m interested in. Here’s what God says. You don’t believe me? Go look at the scriptures. Go pore through what has been recorded by the prophets, look at what I’m saying, and match it up to see if it makes sense.”

He immediately invites them to do that, and that is the way many early Christians would evangelize. You have to keep in mind that the New Testament took some time to put together. After Jesus ascended into heaven, it is not like everything was right there. The last book, Revelation, was written sometime just before the year 100. There was a period of years where the documents were not even completed, much less canonized. What did Christians do before those were available? They would use the Old Testament. They would say, “Let’s open this up, and I’m going to show you how this is all about Jesus. Here’s this passage in Isaiah; Jesus fulfilled that. Here’s a passage in Jeremiah; this is about Jesus. Here’s a passage in Malachi; this is about Jesus.” They showed that Jesus was not some random new thing. He was doing exactly what was in line with what God had foretold. His whole ministry was not his own thing; it was what God had promised from the beginning, and you could check the scriptures to be sure of that. Jesus didn’t just want to teach his own opinions; he was teaching what God had proclaimed, and he invited people to verify that.

That makes me think a little bit about those of you who have been in my office before. I have my diploma hanging up behind my desk from Duke University. It feels wrong to mention the Blue Devil during a sermon in church, so I won’t, but it was a good experience. I hesitated before I hung that on the wall, though. Ultimately, I did it because when you pay that much for a piece of paper, you want to put it somewhere. It is expensive paper.

At the end of the day, that is not the cornerstone of my ministry. I don’t want people to listen to me just because I have a fancy paper on my wall. There are a lot of other people who have fancy papers on their walls; some of what they teach is good, and some of what they teach is not good. Ultimately, sound doctrine and good knowledge do not come from a random person’s teaching just because they have a diploma. It comes from scripture. Insofar as knowledge is rooted in scripture, it is good. That is the source of real authority when you are teaching, not a diploma. Good though it may be, and though it may indicate that you have studied, the truth of legitimacy is rooted here. That makes all the difference: knowing that teaching is not just coming from some random person, but is rooted in what God said.

I think that is true for all disciplines, too. It is not just a pastor thing. Every discipline imaginable comes from God. What is math but the logic that underpins God’s creation? What is biology but an expression of the way he created everything? What is agriculture but the continuing work that was laid out in Genesis when God gave Adam the Garden of Eden to take care of? All of these pieces of knowledge are not just random pieces of trivia that don’t matter. All of them are things that were set forth by God when he made all of this, and all of them point to him. The end of every piece of knowledge points back to God. Insofar as it does that, it is good knowledge. Insofar as it doesn’t, it is trivia and nothing more.

Jesus says, “You want to see if my teachings are legitimate? Check them against God. See if they’re in line. See if my teachings align with the Scriptures.”

Then he moves on to a second point: “Anyone who chooses to do the will of God will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own.” Notice the way he is moving here. The second way he invites verification is by looking at your actions. He knows that knowledge is not just random theory floating out there in the ether. Real knowledge is something that is lived, something that makes a difference in our lives. That is real knowledge.

Sometimes people divorce those things entirely. They have these wild theories, but then you look at their lives and they live the same as anybody else. I know some people who have wildly conspiratorial ideas. They have crazy theories, but they live just like everyone else. They get you one-on-one and say, “Did you know that the pigeons are government drones sent to do surveillance on us?” and you just say, “Okay.” Then you get back in public, and they live just like anybody else. They have these weird pet theories, but they don’t live any differently. If they really believed that pigeons were government drones, wouldn’t they try to smack one out of the sky? Then they would see, “Oh, shoot. This isn’t a robot. I was wrong; I just killed a random pigeon.” They could verify this if they tried to live it, but they don’t. To them, it is just a theory, a fun experiment to think about in their spare time.

If you really believe something, it changes the way you live because you can test it. You can see: Is this true? Does this work? Is it honest? Is it real? Jesus says it is the same thing with his doctrine. He says if you want to understand it, if you want to get it, live it. Try to please God and see if what I am teaching is true.

I can personally verify that. I know when I was still a sort of “proto-Christian,” I started to think about Christianity but thought the Bible had a lot wrong with it. I thought Jesus was a nice guy, but wrong about a fair amount—though still pretty admirable in the grand scheme of things. I thought there was a bunch of stuff that made no sense. Prayer? Nonsense. It doesn’t work. Scripture? Full of errors. It couldn’t possibly be worth too much of my time. What changed me was trying it. Jesus said I should do this, so I thought maybe I should try it and see what happens. I started studying scripture more, and it wasn’t what I thought it was; there was more to it than I understood. I tried praying. It didn’t make any sense to me, and I thought it was crazy. How would closing my eyes, folding my hands, and saying some things make a difference? But I tried it. It was not what I thought it was; there was more to this than I realized. The more I tried to live what I found in the scriptures, the more I found them to be true. By trying to live something, you can see if it makes sense.

Jesus invites people to live in a God-honoring way, and you will understand his doctrine more than ever. It will blossom right in front of you. If you have some part of the Bible, some book, or some doctrine that you think is crazy—where you like the rest of it, but not that one because it is just out there—maybe a way to start making some headway is to look at your life. Look at your life and ask, “Am I trying to honor God? Where are the places that I’m not willing to trust God yet? And what would it look like to start living in a way that honors God?” If you address that sin, sometimes when you come back to those things that made no sense before, it is like a veil has been lifted. You will understand them in ways that you didn’t think were possible previously.

Jesus began by saying, “Look at what God said. See if what I’m saying lines up.” Then he moves on and says, “Try to live a righteous life. You will see that my teachings are true.” Now he moves to his third and final validation that his knowledge is legitimate. He says in verse 18, “Whoever speaks on their own does so to gain personal glory, but he who seeks the glory of the one who sent him is a man of truth.” There is nothing false about him.

Jesus says, “Look at my personal witness. Look at my life. See if my life is worthy of your time.” He says it pretty boldly. He points out that there are a lot of people out there who are just trying to sell you something. There are a lot of people who want to get famous and build their own careers, so they are trying to convince you of something for their own sake. Jesus, on the other hand, says, “I have no reason to be doing this unless I cared about you. I am at risk talking to you here. The leaders hate me. They’re waiting for something like this, but I need to tell you this. I am teaching you selflessly. Look at my life! There is nothing false about me!”

Can you imagine saying that in front of a group of people? If you are full of it and just making things up, someone is going to say something, right? Can you imagine if I stood up and said, “You can trust me because I’ve never done a thing wrong in my life”? If my wife were here, she would be able to tell you a few things. I do not have a perfect track record. Jesus says he does: “Look at my life.”

Then he compares and contrasts that with the people who are in charge. He says in verse 19, “Has not Moses given you the law? Yet not one of you keeps the law.” You are listening to these people who teach you that the law is good enough, and that if you can keep the law well enough, that is going to be good for you. How is it working? Are you keeping it? Are they keeping it? No. They are living lives that fall short, but you are listening to them, while I am living a life beyond repute. What are you doing? Why are you listening to them and not me? Why are you trying to kill me?

The crowd responds in verse 20, which can be a little confusing for some people. They say, “You are demon-possessed! Who’s trying to kill you?” In context here, it clearly means, “You’re crazy! What are you talking about? No one’s trying to kill you.” Part of what is confusing is that if we look back at verse 13, just a little way ahead, we know that the crowd was quiet about Jesus because they knew that the leaders were trying to kill him. They didn’t want to talk about him because they didn’t want to get in trouble.

How do we resolve this? There are a couple of different ways. The most popular view, which is not what I agree with but is what a lot of commentators accept, is that the Feast of Tabernacles drew Jews from all over the world. They were all over the Roman Empire—people from the furthest reaches of Latin-speaking areas and Greek-speaking areas. Not all of them had heard of Jesus. A lot of them had never heard of him before because they weren’t from there. When they see this guy saying, “They’re trying to kill me,” they are just confused. It is legitimate ignorance: “No one’s trying to kill you! You’re up there talking, and no one’s doing anything!”

That is possible. However, I think a better way to resolve it is to acknowledge that the crowd is simply being inconsistent. Rather than attributing it to them being from out of town, why don’t we just acknowledge they are being hypocritical? They were afraid to talk about Jesus earlier because they knew people were trying to kill him. When Jesus points out that the system is rotten, that he is teaching truth, and that the leaders are teaching falsehoods, he asks, “Why are you okay with this?” What do they do? They go back to what is comfortable: “Who’s trying to kill you? Our leaders are trustworthy. You’re crazy. I don’t know what you’re talking about.” Is that true? No.

How much would it totally shatter the lives they were living if they acknowledged, “Yeah, the leaders are corrupt. They are on a campaign of censorship. The things they’re teaching are wrong, and this random rabbi they’re persecuting is right”? That would change everything. That would be a deeply uncomfortable, life-shattering truth to accept. So some of them say what is comfortable: “Nah, I’m pretty sure it’s okay. Pretty sure it’s fine. They’re fine. You’re crazy, Jesus. It couldn’t possibly be true.” They know it is true; they just don’t want to confront it.

In verse 21, Jesus says to them, “I did one miracle, and you are all amazed. Yet, because Moses gave you circumcision (though it did not come from Moses, but from the patriarchs), you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath. Now if a boy can be circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, why are you angry at me for healing a man’s whole body on the Sabbath? Stop judging by mere appearances. Instead, judge correctly.”

You are comfortable with the status quo. You are comfortable with the way things have always been, and that is all you want. Think it through. Think logically about what is happening here. Look at this: your leaders will circumcise a boy on the Sabbath. According to the book of Leviticus, a boy should be circumcised on the eighth day after he is born. If that fell on the Sabbath, that was the eighth day, so they would do it. Does the process of circumcision hurt? Sure, it is certainly not a pleasant one. They hurt someone on a small scale. Jesus is not saying the ritual is unhelpful or illegitimate; he is just pointing out that it hurts. He says, “You’re willing to hurt someone on that day, but when I healed someone’s whole body on the Sabbath…”

He is talking about when he healed the man by the pool at Bethesda, which was the last time he was in Jerusalem. That act made the authorities very angry at him. He says, “The last time I did this, everyone was angry at me. So it’s okay to hurt someone on the Sabbath, but not to heal them? Does that make sense? Is that logical?” No. Stop judging by what is comfortable, by what is easy, and by what you are used to. Instead, judge correctly.

He turns it back over to the people, and they are almost on the cusp of something here. At that point, the people of Jerusalem began to ask, “Isn’t this the man they’re trying to kill? Here he is speaking publicly, and they’re not saying a word to him. Have the authorities concluded that he’s the Messiah? But we know where this man is from. When the Messiah comes, there will be no one who will know where he’s from.”

This was a common folk teaching in that timeframe. There were a lot of people who believed this, and there are small scriptural passages that hint at it. There are verses in the book of Malachi and the book of Isaiah that say things like suddenly the Messiah appeared and went about his business. They took those passages to mean that you can’t know where the real Messiah is from because he just drops out of heaven at the temple, does his thing, and that is it. They believed that was how it really worked. If they had sincerely searched the Scriptures, they would know that is not the case because the prophecies about Jesus being born are right there. If they had really looked, they would know that everything laid out in Scripture—the whole of Jesus’s incarnation and life—is also there in a way that resolves that tension. But they didn’t look. They were comfortable with what was normal, with the standard, and with what other people told them the Bible said. They didn’t feel the need to look for themselves: “I hear the Scriptures say this. That’s fine. That’s close enough. I think that’s probably right.”

Jesus responds, “Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from. But I am not here on my own authority. He who sent me is true. You do not know him, but I know him because I am from him and he sent me.”

Martin Luther, the father of Protestantism, gave some really good insight on this. He says there is sarcasm in Christ’s voice as he asks, “You know me and you know where I am from, do you? You don’t know the one who sent me, so how could you really know me and where I am from?” Jesus is telling them, “You don’t know nearly as much as you think you know. I am from heaven. My Father is God. That’s where I am really from.”

At this point, people know what he is saying. This is not lost on them. The claims he is making—the claim to not only be the Messiah but the Son of God from heaven—cause the alarm bells in their heads to go off. Verse 30 says, “At this they tried to seize him.” They tried to reason with him, and they repeatedly found different ways to remain comfortable, but Jesus has not let them stay comfortable. Now that their logic has failed, they resort to force. They tried to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him because his hour had not yet come. Still, many in the crowd believed in him. They said, “When the Messiah comes, will he perform more signs than this man?” There are some people who look at Jesus, listen to him, reason through his teachings, and realize they cannot imagine someone better than this. They can’t imagine a Messiah coming who somehow does all of this even better. This is the best it could possibly be; he must be right, in spite of the fact that most of the crowd is furious.

Now the leaders get involved. From here on out, we see the leaders step in. Verse 32 says, “The Pharisees heard the crowd whispering such things about him. Then the chief priests and the Pharisees sent temple guards to arrest him.”

Jesus said, “I am with you only for a short time, and then I am going to the one who sent me. You will look for me, but you will not find me; and where I am, you cannot come.”

The Jews said to one another, “Where does this man intend to go that we cannot find him? Will he go where our people live scattered among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks? What did he mean when he said, ‘You will look for me and you will not find me; and where I am you cannot come’?”

This immediately follows his clear claim: “I’m from God. I am from heaven,” which people literally tried to attack him for because they found it blasphemous. Following this up, he tells the leaders that he is only here for a short time, that he is going back to where he came from, and they won’t be able to follow. The leaders are even more ignorant than the people. The people were uncomfortable and frustrated by what he said, but they knew what it meant. The leaders seem unable to even make sense of it. They ask, “What is he talking about? Do you think he’s going on vacation to Greece? Is that what he means?” No, that obviously isn’t what he was talking about. Most of us in this room can see pretty plainly what he is saying, and most of the people in the crowd could see it, too. But the leaders are so attached to the way they think things ought to be that they are not willing to reexamine them or sincerely listen.

Looking at the way different people reacted takes us back to what we were discussing a couple of weeks ago regarding Augustine and Faustus. Why wasn’t Faustus able to see the truth clearly? Because he did not come sincerely to Jesus. If you want to understand Jesus, a level of sincerity is necessary. In this passage, we have a crowd where some people just wanted what was easy and comfortable. They wanted the same old routine. Jesus is teaching this profound, incredible truth, but they don’t want it; they just want what they know. We have to avoid that mindset, because if you just go with what is easy and familiar, you will miss the Messiah.

Then there are the leaders—people who are so attached to their pet theories on how things work that even when they are taught basic truths directly and clearly, they can’t make heads or tails of it. When you get too attached to your own ideas and your own teachings, you miss what the Messiah is bringing.

There is only a small group of people in the crowd who listen to Jesus and think it through. They ask: Is what he is teaching compatible with scripture? Is it a pure expression of what God has said? Yes. As I live a righteous life, does it make sense with what this guy says? Yes. As I continue to try to work through this, does this make sense? How could there be someone better than this? They look at his behavior, and it is beyond reproach. Here is someone who embodies what God is doing. How could there be a Messiah more loving than this? How could there be one who works greater miracles than this? How could there be a Messiah better than this? They sincerely listen to Jesus, and they find the Messiah.

As we continue to look at the questions we bring, the things that confuse us, the knowledge we have, and the knowledge we hope to gain, bring it sincerely before Jesus. Listen to him, and you will find the truth of his teachings. Amen.

John 7:1-13 Preparing for The Festival of Tabernacles

June 3, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

7 After this, Jesus went around in Galilee. He did not want to go about in Judea because the Jewish leaders there were looking for a way to kill him. 2 But when the Jewish Festival of Tabernacles was near, 3 Jesus’ brothers said to him, “Leave Galilee and go to Judea, so that your disciples there may see the works you do. 4 No one who wants to become a public figure acts in secret. Since you are doing these things, show yourself to the world.” 5 For even his own brothers did not believe in him.

“After this, Jesus went around in Galilee…”

1. Jerusalem was an urban, high-population density area, but Galilee was a rural region. The tendrils of the Jewish leaders were much less likely to strike at Jesus while he was in this peripheral area.
2. Jesus didn’t go to this region out of cowardice. To the contrary, he knew he was headed towards the cross, but it wasn’t time for that yet. Jesus knew that God’s appointed timing (referred to as kairos in Greek) didn’t always follow the first given opportunity in linear, human time (chronos in Greek). This is a strategic and obedient waiting, not a fearful retreat.
3. “He withdrew too now to Galilee, because the hour of His passion was not yet come; and He thought it useless to stay in the midst of His enemies, when the effect would only have been to irritate them the more.” -Theophylact, Explanation on the Gospel of John, Ch. 7.
“…the Jewish Festival of Tabernacles was near…”
1. The Festival of Tabernacles, known in Hebrew as Sukkot
  , was one of the three great festivals where Jewish men were commanded to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. There are several important aspects to this festival:
  1. Harvest Celebration– It was a joyous harvest festival, occurring after the crops had been gathered. This timing meant people had the resources and the time to make the pilgrimage.
  2. Historical Commemoration– The festival commemorated the 40 years the Israelites spent wandering in the wilderness after the Exodus from Egypt. During this time, they were sustained directly by God’s provision, such as manna from heaven.
  3. Ritual Practices– To remember that time of wandering and reliance on God, participants would build and dwell in temporary booths (sukkot) for the duration of the festival. This act of “camping” was a tangible reminder of God’s faithfulness despite their disloyalty.
  4. These themes all give a symbolic backdrop as Jesus, the ultimate fulfillment of God’s presence and provision, has come.
2. “At the present time… we acknowledge that we are journeying in the wilderness… What is it to be in the wilderness? In the desert waste. Why in the desert waste? Because in this world, we thirst in a way that no water could quench. But yet, let us still thirst that we may be filled. For, “Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they shall be filled,” (Matthew 5:6). And our thirst is quenched from the rock in the wilderness: for the Rock was Christ, and it was smitten with a rod that the water might flow.” -Augustine, Tractate 28, 9.
Jesus’s Family and Siblings
1. John 7:3-5 shows Jesus had brothers who did not believe in him during his ministry. His most prominent brother was James, later author of the Epistle of James in the Bible.
2. Protestants and Catholics read this section very differently. Protestants say that Jesus had brothers, whereas Catholics say that they were only Jesus’s cousins.
  1. The Catholic Interpretation
    1. Doctrinally, Catholics believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary.
    2. This doctrine was formed in the late-second to early-third century, partially to defend the virgin birth from people who insisted that Mary probably had relations with Joseph or other men to have Jesus.
    3. Some early Christian myths dating from the same timeframe assert that Joseph married Mary at God’s request specifically to defend her and take care of her. He was much older than her and never actually consummated their marriage.
    4. Note that this interpretation evolved to counter the claims of non-Christians against the Bible, but it goes beyond the Bible’s claims to defend the Bible.
  2. Protestant Interpretation
    
    The Greek word used in this instance is adelphoi (ἀδελφοί ), literally “brothers.” Etymologically, the word comes from a (together with) and delphys (womb) to create a word that would literally be something like, “from the same womb.”
    
    While adelphoi can be metaphorical (Paul uses it in this sense throughout his epistles), the context here doesn’t fit a metaphor; these “brothers” taunt and doubt Jesus. They certainly aren’t acting like comrades in any sense of the word.
    
    Another Greek word, anepsios (ἀνεψιός), specifically means “cousin.” It isn’t an uncommon word. It appears in Colossians 4:10 (“Mark, the cousin of Barnabas”), in the Septuagint (Numbers 36:11), and in Josephus’s histories. If these men were Jesus’s cousins, John would have used that word to describe them.
  3. Theological Significance
    
    It matters whether Jesus had siblings because it shapes our understanding of holiness and Jesus’s life. Mary’s holiness is shown in being a normal wife and mother whom God used, ordinary people can be holy. You don’t need to go to a monastery and take a vow of celibacy to be holy.
    
    Jesus having unbelieving siblings who frustrated him means he experienced family conflict and can relate to those torn down by family rather than built up.
  4. [E]ven his brethren did not believe in him. Hence we infer how small is the value of carnal relationship…So much the more ridiculous is the superstition of Papists, who, disregarding everything else in the Virgin Mary, extol her only on the ground of relationship, bestowing on her the title of the Mother of God, as if Christ himself had not reproved the woman who exclaimed from the midst of the crowd, “‘Blessed is the womb that bore thee, and the breasts that suckled thee;’ for Christ replied, ‘Nay, rather, blessed are they who hear the word of God,’” (Luke 11:27-28)” -John Calvin, Commentary on John, John 7, 5.

6 Therefore Jesus told them, “My time is not yet here; for you any time will do. 7 The world cannot hate you, but it hates me because I testify that its works are evil. 8 You go to the festival. I am not going up to this festival, because my time has not yet fully come.” 9 After he had said this, he stayed in Galilee.

“My time is not here yet…”
1. Despite his brother’s taunting, Jesus prioritizes God’s timing over public or relational pressure.
2. “[H]alf the power of: a Christian life depends upon its being timely. The bringing forth of fruit in due season is one of the marks of the tree planted by the rivers of water; and one of the signs of the Son of man, who delighted in the law of the Lord, was that he said, “My time is not yet full come.” When it did come, then he went.” -Charles Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Verse Expositions on the Bible, John 7.
3. Jesus’s response is unambiguous about the world’s evil and even implies that his brothers are complicit in it. Why is he so fierce? Because the conversation concerned his identity and work, which are critically important.
  1. Jesus models being both a “lamb” (gentle) and a “lion” (fierce and combative when necessary).
  2. Most of us naturally favor one role; we should learn from Jesus’s example to embody both.

10 However, after his brothers had left for the festival, he went also, not publicly, but in secret. 11 Now at the festival the Jewish leaders were watching for Jesus and asking, “Where is he?”

12 Among the crowds there was widespread whispering about him. Some said, “He is a good man.”

Others replied, “No, he deceives the people.” 13 But no one would say anything publicly about him for fear of the leaders.

“…he went also, not publicly, but in secret…”

1. Jesus chose to go to the festival secretly, but not because he was afraid. He wanted to fulfill God’s command for devout Jews to go to Jerusalem, but he also wanted to honor God’s timing first and foremost. Making a public statement to his brothers or to Jewish leadership would have pushed the timetable in an unhelpful way.
2. By contrast, the crowds in Jerusalem are very afraid. They whisper about Jesus, but they don’t dare to do it publicly because they’re worried about what the leaders might do.
3. Do not let fear keep you from doing what God has commanded, but also don’t rush in recklessly. If you feel unprepared, it may be a sign to wait for God’s timing.
4. Pray, prepare, and gather the things that you need while you discern the right time to act. Jesus didn’t ignore his mission while he waited on the Father’s timing. He walked closely with the Father and understood when the time was right.
“But who were those that did not speak of Him for fear of the Jews? Undoubtedly those who said, ‘He is a good man,’ not those who said, ‘He deceives the people.’ As for those who said ‘He deceives the people,’ their whispers were heard like the noise of dry leaves. ‘He deceives the people,’ they sounded more and more loudly. ‘He is a good man,’ was whispered more and more quietly. But now, brothers, in spite of the fact that glory of Christ which will give us immortality has not yet come, but now I say, His Church so increases, He has clearly decided to spread his Gospel abroad throughout the whole world, so that it is now ‘He deceives the people,’ is only whispered, and and more and more loudly it sounds forth, ‘He is a good man.’” -Augustine, Tractate 28, 11.

Full Transcript

Fall has begun. The kids are going off to school, and we’re back in the book of John. I think this has a timely word for us. August, when school starts, that is one of two times in a calendar year that people tend to really sit down and think about what they want to accomplish in the coming 12 months. In a calendar year, you have January and the New Year, where everybody makes their resolutions and thinks about the next 12 months. Then you also have the fall when school starts—a time that is built into our schedule from our earliest days as the time to get things underway. So, we think about what we want to accomplish.

That also means you have to wonder: what does God want you to accomplish in the coming 12 months? Not just what are your plans, but what are His plans for you? What has He put on your heart? You don’t want to waste time getting through a year where you’re not doing what God would have you do. Thinking about how to incorporate that into your life well and how to plan on it—that is what so much of the beginning of chapter seven has.

Let’s dig in. We are at chapter 7, verse 1: “After this, Jesus went around in Galilee. He did not want to go about in Judea because the Jewish leaders were there looking for a way to kill him.” Galilee was a more rural region, and it is where Jesus spent most of his time. Judea was the more urban area; it had the capital, it had Jerusalem, and it was where a lot of stuff happened. It is the difference between Hardin County and Franklin County. Jesus spent his time in the rural area because he knew that the people in Judea were waiting there to kill him. He knew he was up against deep resistance in his life. There were priests and kings that stood against him. Jesus was someone who had some powerful enemies.

Yet, he didn’t just rush in and confront them. It’s kind of weird to think about because we know how the story ends. Jesus does eventually go to Jerusalem. He does face all of the men who want to kill him, and they do kill him. He dies on a cross and conquers death. We know that time is coming, but it’s not yet. Why isn’t Jesus going to Judea? He’s not afraid to go up against powerful people, but he knows that not every opportunity requires you to run in and start a fight. He’s waiting for the right time. He’s not just doing things on his timeline; he’s doing things on God’s timeline.

Verse 2 tells us, “When the Jewish Festival of Tabernacles was near…” That’s kind of a strange reference for us because we don’t celebrate it. The Festival of Tabernacles was one of the big ones as far as Jewish festivals go. You would go into Jerusalem, the capital, for what was in many ways a harvest festival. This was after you had harvested all of your crops, so you had a little extra time on your hands to go into Jerusalem to celebrate. Not only was it a harvest festival, but it was also a time to remember the forty years that the Israelites walked through the wilderness and were sustained by manna from God. It was a time to remember that they lived in tents and ate whatever God gave them. They were sustained by Him even though they were disloyal; God stayed with them even in the wilderness. To remember what their ancestors had done and the situations they were in, people would go to Jerusalem, bring a tent, and spend some time camping. That’s what the Festival of Tabernacles was.

As the festival approached, verse 3 says, Jesus’ brothers said to him, “Leave Galilee and go to Judea so that your disciples there may see the works you do. No one who wants to become a public figure acts in secret. Since you are doing these things, show yourself to the world.” For even his own brothers did not believe in him.

There is a lot to talk about right here. First off, Jesus had brothers. I don’t know how often you think about that, but it’s a little strange to consider. They don’t appear in a ton of stories in the Bible, which makes sense since we don’t have a lot of details about Jesus’ childhood. He’s already older at this point in time, but he had siblings. The most prominent of them was James, the writer of the epistle of James, but there were others. None of them believed in him during his lifetime, though they came to faith after.

Now, if you have a Roman Catholic background, or maybe you’ve talked about this with a Catholic friend, you might think something sounds off here. You may have heard from a priest at some point that Jesus did not have siblings. Catholics believe in a doctrine called the perpetual virginity of Mary. In other words, she was not just a virgin before Jesus, but she remained a virgin her whole life long. Consequently, they believe this passage would be better translated as “cousins.”

Why do Protestants and Catholics believe something different here? To put it succinctly, we believe Jesus had siblings because that’s what the Bible says. The word used here for brothers in the original Greek is adelphoi, and adelphoi does not mean cousins; it means brothers. The etymology of the word shows this, as it is made up of a prefix meaning “connected” and delphus, which means “womb”—connected by the womb.

In English, when we use the word “brother,” we can use it literally or metaphorically. For example, if I came in this morning, saw Jim, and said, “Jim, brother, how’s it going?” you guys wouldn’t sit around and think, “Oh, they’re related! I didn’t know they were brothers.” You would know it just means they are close, on the same page, or comrades in arms. The same was true in Greek. The word adelphoi can be used literally or figuratively. The apostle Paul uses it many times in the epistles metaphorically, such as when he writes, “Brothers, I do not want you to be ignorant of this.” Anytime he uses that term, he is using adelphoi.

In this instance, we have to look at the context. Were these individuals on the same page as Jesus? Were they comrades in arms? Would it make sense for this to be a metaphorical use of the word? No. They are making fun of Jesus and doubting him. This would not be a good use of the term metaphorically; it would make no sense. So, we have to assume it’s literal: brothers of the same womb.

They had a completely different word for cousin in Greek—anepsio. It’s not like they didn’t have a word for it. Paul actually uses the word anepsio in the book of Colossians, chapter 4 verse 10, when he talks about Mark, the cousin of Barnabas. Right there, we can see Paul certainly knew the word for cousin. Furthermore, the people who translated the Old Testament into Greek around the time Jesus was alive used anepsio as well. Because not every person throughout the Roman Empire spoke perfect Hebrew, they translated the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, and you can see instances of the word cousin there—such as in the book of Numbers, chapter 36 verse 11. Secular sources, like the histories of Josephus (the premier historian of that era), also commonly used this word to mean cousin. So, why didn’t the Gospel writer use the word cousin if these were Jesus’s cousins? Because they weren’t his cousins; they were his brothers.

That brings up a different question: why would Catholics believe that Jesus did not have brothers if the text uses that word? For that, you have to dig into the history of doctrine. Very early in the Christian Church, all the way back in the late second and early third centuries, there were people who did not believe that Jesus was miraculously born of a virgin. People have been making arguments against Christianity for hundreds of years; we haven’t invented new ones. Back then, critics said, “Hold on, Mary, a virgin, had a child? That doesn’t make sense. You have to have a guy in the mix.” They insisted that Jesus must have been born from an earthly father and that Mary wasn’t a virgin after all.

In response, some of the early Christians argued against those critics by taking it a step further. They said, “You don’t think Mary was a virgin? Let me tell you, she was the ultimate virgin. She never knew a man before she had Jesus, and she never knew one after, her whole life long.” From a Protestant perspective, we appreciate the spirit of what they were trying to do in defending the fact that Jesus had a heavenly Father. However, the argument itself is flawed. You shouldn’t have to claim something beyond the Bible to prove the Bible. Scripture is sufficient in and of itself.

We disagree with that doctrine because the biblical evidence doesn’t suggest Mary was a nun; it suggests she was a person like us. Why does this matter? Why spend so much time on this piece of history? You should care because it makes a difference in the way you think about what a holy person looks like, and it changes how you view the life of Jesus. What made Mary so special is that she participated in the most miraculous thing that God did in all of history. But was she holy because she lived like a nun, had a husband but was never intimate with him, and spent all her time in prayer? Or was she holy because God chose to work through a regular person? Mary was not so different from a lot of us.

It also highlights the reality of Jesus’s everyday experience. He had brothers and sisters, and they were at odds with him. I bet some of you have older siblings who were a bit of a goody-two-shoes in your eyes, and it can be frustrating to follow after them. Imagine if your older sibling was literally Jesus Christ. You can see why they might get frustrated. You would go to school, and on the first day, the teacher would say, “Oh, you’re Jesus’ sibling. He was great. I’m glad you’re in this class.” You would get home, and you’d constantly be compared to him. We compare ourselves to Jesus and know we don’t meet his perfect standard, but to live with that every day in your own home must have been incredibly hard.

You can also imagine it from Jesus’s perspective. Here is a man who is perfect, and he’s not living a perfect life just to show someone up—he’s living it for them. He is living a perfect life for his siblings, for his parents, and for the world. Yet, they didn’t understand or appreciate it. They thought he was a little full of himself. When he started talking about being the Messiah, they essentially said, “All right buddy, whatever.” Jesus faced resistance not only from kings and priests, but within his own home.

I am very blessed. When I have a hard day and everything feels like it’s against me, I get to go home to a wife who is so supportive, children who are cute as a button, parents I can call, and a sister I can talk with. I have an incredible support network in my family. That’s one of the reasons churches should strive to support families. You want to help families live well because that’s what God wants. God wants the family to be a blessing. He wants husbands to help disciple their wives, wives to help disciple their children, and families to hold each other together. That is a massive blessing, but not everyone enjoys that luxury.If you ever feel that way—if you say, “Sometimes my family tears me apart more than they build me up”—Jesus knows. Jesus endured that too. You are not alone.

Look at what his brothers say specifically in verse 3: “Leave Galilee and go to Judea so that your disciples there may see the works you do. No one who wants to become a public figure acts in secret. Since you are doing these things, show yourself to the world.” In other words, they are saying, “You think you’re a hot shot? Mr. Big Fish in a small pond out here in Galilee? Go into Judea and show everyone your miracles. They’re going to love it.”

How does Jesus respond? My temptation when someone is spouting off like that would be to avoid getting into it—just give one of those fake laughs, try to move on, and not make things awkward. But Jesus makes it a little bit awkward. He goes right there, leaving some tension in the room when they are done. He tells them to go on to the festival, but adds, “I am not going up to this festival because my time has not yet fully come. Of course, you’re comfortable with the world; they’ll love you. The world is evil, and I am against the world.”

Why is Jesus having this conversation? Why doesn’t he just laugh it off and move on? Jesus was gentle, but he was also fierce. He could be a lamb, and he could be a lion, depending on the circumstances. Here, he is talking about something of the utmost importance: who he is and what his work is. He is not going to make light of that. He is not going to be gentle when something that vital is on the line, and that is a lesson we could all learn from.

Naturally, very few people, if any, are born being equally comfortable as both the lion and the lamb. We are rarely naturally adept at being combative when the time calls for it and gentle when the situation demands it; usually, we are comfortable with one or the other. Some people are deeply comfortable in conflict, but when the time comes to relax afterward and build one another up, they feel awkward and don’t know what to do because they are just waiting for the next fight. Other people are naturally gentle, but when the time comes to stand up and confront a situation, they get clumsy and hesitant. Jesus is perfectly both lion and lamb. He is gentle and he is fierce, and we need to learn from him. It is not easy, but it is important.

This is where the narrative can get a little confusing if you aren’t looking closely. In verse 8, Jesus says he is not going to the festival, but then verse 10 says, “However, after his brothers had left for the festival, he went also, not publicly, but in secret.” Why is Jesus going if he just said he wasn’t going to?

Jesus was simply refusing to go in the way his brothers demanded. He was not going to use the festival as a public PR opportunity to aggressively declare who he was. However, devout Jews were commanded by God to attend the Festival of Tabernacles. God didn’t say, “Hey, if you’ve got some spare time, it would be real great if you could roll into Jerusalem.” If you were a follower of God, this is what you did. Jesus wasn’t about to take the year off from obedience. If the Father commanded it, he was going to do it. So, sure enough, he went—not to prove a point to his siblings, but privately, to be a keeper of the law and to fulfill what God required.

Verse 11 continues: “Now at the festival the Jewish leaders were watching for Jesus and asking, ‘Where is he?’ Among the crowds there was widespread whispering about him. Some said, ‘He is a good man.’ Others replied, ‘No, he deceives the people.’ But no one would say anything publicly about him for fear of the leaders.”

Contrast the crowd’s silence with what we have seen from Jesus. Jesus was avoiding a public confrontation with the leaders because it wasn’t the right time; he was listening and waiting for God’s perfect timing. But the crowds in Jerusalem who wanted to talk weren’t staying quiet out of a structured sense of divine timing—they were just afraid. They didn’t want to get into a conflict with the leaders.

As you look ahead at these next 12 months and think about what you want to accomplish, I would bet God has put something specific on your heart. There is likely something you feel called to do for Him in this coming calendar year. And maybe you are a little afraid of it. Maybe you think to yourself that there is a personal cost associated with it that you don’t want to pay. Maybe your schedule is already packed, you don’t have time for one more thing, and you’re wondering if God can just wait another year. Maybe you don’t want to come off as weird to the people around you, and you aren’t interested in looking strange or paying that price.

Whatever the reason, if you are afraid, don’t be. If God is with you, who can stand against you? Why would you know what God wants for you and choose not to do it? What a tragic way to waste a year of your life. Do you think God put you on this earth and said, “Well, they have a set number of years, but this upcoming one doesn’t really matter. They can just fritter that one away with whatever they feel like because I don’t have any work for them this year”? You are a servant of God, and He has work for you.

Do not be afraid. That doesn’t mean you should leave today feeling like you have to run blindly right into the fire. Maybe it isn’t the exact time yet. Pray about it. If you feel unprepared, maybe you are. There is a proper season for the work He has for you. Pray to Him, think deeply about it, and discern the right timing. What do you need to gather? What is the right moment to step out into what He is asking?

When Jesus came to this earth, he didn’t say, “Well, I’m not sure when the Father wants me to die on that cross, so I’m just not even going to worry about it.” No, Jesus lived in an intimate, constant relationship with the Father, waiting and preparing. He didn’t wait because he was kicking the can down the road; he waited because he knew there was an exact right time for everything.

Pray to God about what He has put on your heart for this coming year. Prepare yourself, and trust that He is entirely sufficient for the work He has laid out for you. Amen.

John 6:41-71: Who Can Accept It?

May 28, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

41 At this the Jews there began to grumble about him because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven.” 42 They said, “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say, ‘I came down from heaven’?”

The crowd doubted the evidence first, insisting that Jesus owed them a better miracle since their ancestors ate bread from Moses. Now, they move from attacking the evidence to attacking his identity.
“Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know?

1. They grumble at Jesus’s claim to be the bread from heaven, questioning his origins: “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph… How can he now say, I came down from heaven?”
2. “These Jews were far off from the bread of heaven, and knew not how to hunger after it. They had the jaws of their heart languid; with open ears they were deaf, they saw and stood blind.” -Augustine, Tractate 26, 1.

43 “Stop grumbling among yourselves,” Jesus answered. 44 “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws them, and I will raise them up at the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘They will all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has heard the Father and learned from him comes to me. 46 No one has seen the Father except the one who is from God; only he has seen the Father. 47 Very truly I tell you, the one who believes has eternal life. 48 I am the bread of life. 49 Your ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, yet they died. 50 But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which anyone may eat and not die. 51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.”

Christ’s Response
1. Jesus answers their attack on his identity by explaining their doubt. Why can’t they come to him? Because the Father has not drawn them. All of this is in the Father’s plan.
2. Jesus is the only one able to see God. He has knowledge in a way nobody else has. Even Moses could only see God by hiding in a rock and seeing his back (Exodus 33:21-22). Jesus is God and can see God in His fullness.
3. He reiterates his promise: those who believe have eternal life. Previous bread only delayed death. Christ’s flesh will end it.
“No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws them,”
1. “[H]ave I not myself heard you say in your heart, ‘Jesus, Jesus, my whole trust Is in thee: I know that no righteousness of my own can save me, but only thou, O Christ, sink or swim, I cast myself on thee?’ Oh, my brother, thou art drawn by the Father, for thou couldst not have come unless he had drawn thee. Sweet thought! And if he has drawn thee, dost thou know what is the delightful inference? Let me repeat one text, and may that comfort thee: ‘The Lord hath appeared of old unto me, saying, I have loved thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee.’ Yes, my poor weeping brother, inasmuch as thou art now coming to Christ, God has drawn thee; and inasmuch as he has drawn thee, it is a proof that he has loved thee from before the foundation of the world. Let thy heart leap within thee, thou art one of his.” -Charles Spurgeon, “Human Inability,” Mar. 7, 1858.

52 Then the Jews began to argue sharply among themselves, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”

53 Jesus said to them, “Very truly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. 54 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. 56 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in them. 57 Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me. 58 This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your ancestors ate manna and died, but whoever feeds on this bread will live forever.” 59 He said this while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum.

First, they doubted the evidence, telling Jesus that their ancestors got bread from Moses and they deserved a better miracle. Second, they doubted his identity, insisting that he was just the son of Joseph, not anyone from heaven. Now, they doubt his message, claiming that he’s not even coherent.
“How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”
1. The crowd fixates on a highly literal objection: “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” even though Jesus speaks in a metaphor that points towards a profound spiritual reality.
  1. This rejection is very similar to when Nicodemos objected to Jesus’s language about being “born again” in John 3:4.
Jesus doesn’t back down; he doubles down: “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you… my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink.” He has no interest in slowly chipping away at his message to accommodate people who have no real interest in it.
1. “Unless ye eat the flesh of the Son of man – Spiritually: unless ye draw continual virtue from him by faith. Eating his flesh is only another expression for believing.” -John Wesley, John Wesley’s Explanatory Notes of the NT, Jn 6.
2. “It should be noted that this can refer either to spiritual eating or to sacramental eating. If it refers to spiritual eating, there is no doubt about the application… However, if it is applied to sacramental eating, a problem arises… since in the one receiving the Eucharist actual reverence and devotion are required, which those who do not have the full use of reason, such as children and the mentally ill, do not have, and therefore it is in no way to be given to them.” -Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on John, Lecture 7, 969.

60 On hearing it, many of his disciples said, “This is a hard teaching. Who can accept it?”

61 Aware that his disciples were grumbling about this, Jesus said to them, “Does this offend you? 62 Then what if you see the Son of Man ascend to where he was before! 63 The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you—they are full of the Spirit and life. 64 Yet there are some of you who do not believe.” For Jesus had known from the beginning which of them did not believe and who would betray him. 65 He went on to say, “This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless the Father has enabled them.”

“This is a hard teaching. Who can accept it?”
1. Often, so called “hard teachings” are less about comprehension and more about acceptance.
  1. One of the top defenses against countercultural commands is “I don’t understand this part.” Verses like Mark 10:2-12 (Jesus on Divorce) and 1 Timothy 1:10 (Paul on sexuality) are more than clear as they’re worded, but many still claim that they can’t understand what the Bible says on these topics.
  2. Often “I’m confused” masks unwillingness to accept teachings that challenge personal preferences. The Christian life asks, “Do we trust that God knows more than we do and that his ways are good?”
2. Jesus asks, “Does this offend you?” and warns that if they stumble here, they will be further confounded by future events like his ascension.
3. Jesus does not water down his teaching or chase those leaving; he invites trust beyond comfortable words, preparing disciples for wild things to come.
“No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws them… no one can come to me unless the Father has enabled them.”
1. Jesus knew from the beginning who did not believe and who would betray him.
“Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you—they are full of the Spirit and life.”
1. Jesus’s words are “full of Spirit and life;” understanding and embracing them relies on divine action, not just human effort.
Augustine famously wrote about this struggle to know God and approach him by drawing on Romans 10:14 in Confessions.
1. “Lord, what comes first: asking for your help or praising you? Do we start a life with you by asking for your help? Or do we need to know who you are before we can do that? How could we ask for your help if we don’t know who you are? We might start talking to you like you were some totally different being! Or do we start out by asking for your help so that we can know you? But how could we ask for help from a god that we don’t believe in? And how could we believe in that god if nobody brought the Gospel to us? In the end, people who seek the Lord always end up praising him, because anyone who seeks will find, and anyone who finds will praise. I’m seeking you, Lord, by asking for your help. I’m calling on your name while believing completely in you because the Gospel was brought to me. You gave me faith, and now that faith is crying out to you.” -Augustine, Confessions, Ch. 1.
2. If you can’t see God, pray to Him. “Knock and the door will be opened.” (Matt. 7:7)

66 From this time many of his disciples turned back and no longer followed him.

67 “You do not want to leave too, do you?” Jesus asked the Twelve.

68 Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. 69 We have come to believe and to know that you are the Holy One of God.”

70 Then Jesus replied, “Have I not chosen you, the Twelve? Yet one of you is a devil!” 71 (He meant Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot, who, though one of the Twelve, was later to betray him.)

“You do not want to leave too, do you?
1. As people leave due to his “hard teaching, Jesus asks the Twelve if they also wish to leave. It had to have been an emotionally-charged moment as thousands left and he turned to his closest friends.
2. Peter’s confession: “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life…” isn’t just a buddy cheering up a sad friend. Peter sincerely believes in everything that Jesus is said. He’s seen the evidence, he acknowledges Jesus’s identity, and he believes in the message.
“Yet one of you is a devil!”
1. Jesus repeatedly forewarns about Judas’s betrayal, which does not change Judas’s course. What God has destined will not be changed by human will, even if Judas has every opportunity to do otherwise.
2. The disciples were tested through all of this. The crowd left, but they stayed despite how unpopular it was. This wasn’t the end of the testing. Their faith would continue to be tested throughout their lives, and not everyone would pass in the end.
3. “Mark the wisdom of Christ: He neither, by exposing him, makes him shameless and contentious; nor again emboldens him, by allowing him to think himself concealed.” -Chrysostom, Hom. xlvii. 4.

Full Transcript

For weeks we have talked about this question: If God is all-powerful, why doesn’t he give us everything we want? We have looked at wrong answer after wrong answer, haven’t we? We’ve looked at the prosperity gospel—this claim that God wants to give you everything you could possibly imagine, and the only thing holding him back is you! You don’t have the faith. If you did, you’d have that new car. That doesn’t align with scripture. The apostles were not promised health or wealth, and they did not get it.

We looked at the claims that God deals with spiritual stuff, that he doesn’t deal with earthly stuff because that’s beneath him. Don’t go to him for stuff like food or money; it’s beneath him. He deals with spiritual things. Also, not true. Throughout this chapter, we saw God dealing with very physical things. He multiplied bread and fish; He helped His apostles get across a sea. These are all very physical, worldly things going on, and he deals with each of them without being disgusted. God made the world; he certainly doesn’t hate it. It’s not beneath him.

Then last week, we even looked at the classic atheist response: if God’s all-powerful, why doesn’t he give us everything we want? They would say, because he can’t, because he’s not real. We see bad things happen every day. If there was an all-powerful, good God, wouldn’t he stop those bad things from happening? Of course he would, but he doesn’t—because he can’t, because he’s not real. The atheists would have us dead to rights if that’s the God the Bible described. If the Bible said there is an all-powerful God, and he’s good, and no bad things will ever happen to you, what would we say in response?

That’s not what the Bible says. The Bible never says that you’re not going to suffer. As a matter of fact, many people in the Bible do suffer despite following God. The true biblical answer to this that we finally get to dwell on now is this: God won’t always give us what we want, but He’ll give us what we need. God’s miracles are not at our beck and call. There it is, and he has told us what his will is. He’s told us in no uncertain terms what he wants to do. He said, “I want you to live eternally. I want to destroy sin and death.” Part of the problem is we are still addicted in many ways to sin and death.

Giving us what we want would actually go against what he wants in many cases. God has to find a way to rehabilitate us, to help us seek what is good in an eternal sense, not just in a temporary sense. Sometimes that won’t be easy. The question is, can we trust him? Knowing what he said he’s going to do, knowing what his goals are, and knowing that they don’t always align with ours, do we trust him?

We’re going to look at that even more today as we continue on from where we left off. Let’s briefly refresh our memories. We began chapter six four weeks ago. All the way back then, where did we start? Jesus was teaching and he was healing by the Sea of Galilee, and there were all these people—five thousand or more. They didn’t have anything to eat. Jesus turns to Philip, “Hey, we need to feed these people.” Philip says, “Impossible! Can’t be done!” Meanwhile, a boy offers Jesus some bread and some fish, and Jesus starts handing it out. He just keeps going and going. There is not only enough; there is more than enough. At this point, the crowd gets to thinking and they say, “Hey, if he can do that with bread, what else can he do? I want this guy working for me. Let’s make him our king whether he wants to be king or not. He’s going to solve our problems.” Jesus goes up a mountain to pray, and he tells his disciples to go across the sea.

That night there is a horrible storm, and they are paddling and paddling, trying to get across the sea. All night they only get halfway. Muscles aching, blisters on their hands, not getting where they want to go, but Jesus comes to them over the water. The second they trust him and let him onto their boat, they’re right where they want to be. They have learned a lesson, but the crowd has not. The next day they wake up and say, “Hey, where’d Jesus go? I can’t find him anywhere.” So after searching, they get on some boats. They go across the Sea of Galilee, and they start searching on the other side. Finally, they go into Capernaum. They find Jesus teaching there in a synagogue, and they start asking him questions. They say, “Jesus, where have you been?” He says, “You’re here because you want bread and fish. You want something that’s going to be good for a day. I want to give you something that’s good for eternity. Believe in me. Believe in me and you will have eternal life.”

They immediately start to doubt him. The first doubt they throw out there is they doubt whether he’s given them sufficient evidence to believe in him. They say, “Okay, so you gave us some bread once. Not a big deal. Moses did that. He did the bread thing. You’re going to have to do better than bread if you want us to believe in you.” Which is pretty ironic. They came all this way because of the bread. Obviously, they were impressed, but the second Jesus says, “Trust in me, not in yourselves,” then they start to bristle. Then they start to take a step back. Hold on! I don’t know if I am ready to trust you. I liked the bread trick, but that’s not enough. They’re going to continue to take steps back. They’re going to doubt Jesus three times throughout the course of this, moving from doubting whether he’s given them enough evidence, to doubting who he is next, and then finally they are going to doubt whether his message even makes sense at all.

That is where we pick up after the first doubt, and Jesus has reaffirmed that he does indeed offer eternal life. He gets a little wordier this time, a little fuller. Pay attention to that. We pick up at verse forty-one. At this, the Jews began to grumble about him because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven.” They said, “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say, ‘I came down from heaven’?” This guy’s not so special. I know his dad. That’s Joe’s kid. This is not a big deal. Now he’s acting like he’s all special. “I’m from heaven. You’re not.” I know where you’re from. I know your parents. Again, strange, isn’t it?

Just yesterday, they called him the prophet in the line of Moses and wanted to force him to be their king. They obviously knew there was something special about this guy, but the second Jesus tries to acknowledge that and explain it to them, they take another step back. Jesus responds to their second doubt saying, “Stop grumbling among yourselves. No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws them, and I will raise them up at the last day. It is written in the prophets, ‘They will all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has heard the Father and has learned comes to me. No one has seen the Father except the one who is from God; only he has seen the Father. Very truly I tell you, the one who believes has eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, yet they died. But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which anyone may eat and not die. I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.”

Notice again—he’s gotten even more complicated. Jesus doesn’t water it down when people object. If anything, He seems to get a little more intense. He’ll explain why. But notice also here he’s gotten more complex, but he hasn’t gotten insanely, unfollowably complex. The core of his message that he said all the way back in verse twenty-nine is still there, and we know how he got there. He said, “You are here for bread. You were impressed by loaves and fishes. You wanted bread for a day. I want to give you bread that will last for eternity. Believe in me.” He’s gotten a little more complex, but that’s still there, and they’ve seen the argument kind of develop. I don’t think it’s unfollowable. I don’t think at this point there is any rational reason to believe that Jesus is saying, “Hey, come up here and take a bite out of my arm. It’s going to do something for you.” No, obviously he’s not.

The crowd goes in that direction anyway. They argue sharply among themselves and say, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” Suddenly, Jesus doesn’t make sense to them anymore. We saw this all the way back in John chapter 3 with Nicodemus. Jesus told Nicodemus, “You must be born again.” And what did Nicodemus say? “Jesus, come on. That’s ridiculous. What, you want me to crawl back inside my mother’s womb? You don’t make any sense.” Jesus did not invent metaphor. It was around; it was well-established since the beginning of time. Nicodemus knew that Jesus was not proposing what he said, in the same way that this crowd understands that Jesus does not literally want them to go up and tear him to pieces with their teeth. They know what he’s asking for. They just don’t want to do it. The confusion with the crowd is not up here. It’s not that they don’t understand; it’s that they’re not willing to accept it, and that’s a different thing.

I’ve seen this many times in the church. I remember, for example, there was one church where they would read two scriptures every Sunday, and it was from the lectionary, so they were all pre-chosen for the entire year. The first scripture would always be read by a member of the congregation. The second scripture would always be read by the pastor, and the pastor would preach from the second passage. One day, the congregation member gets up to read their first one. She stands up there and she reads the Mark passage—Mark chapter ten, verses two through twelve:

Some Pharisees came and tested him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” “What did Moses command you?” he replied. They said, “Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce and send her away.” “It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law,” Jesus replied. “But at the beginning of creation, God made them male and female. For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. So that they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, let no one separate.” And when they were in the house again, the disciples asked Jesus about this. He answered, “Anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her. And if she divorces her husband and marries another man, she commits adultery.”

Sure enough, they read this. Then they followed it up with this in front of the whole church. They said, “And as a divorced person, I’m confused. I’m so confused by this. I hope the pastor’s about to tell us what this means because I don’t understand it. I sure hope they have some answers.” It was uncomfortable. The pastor got up there and disarmed the situation. They said, “I’m actually going to preach on the second passage. But if anyone’s confused and would like to talk about the first passage you heard, come to my office hours. Delighted to talk about that or anything else you’re confused about.” I think the uncomfortable thing wasn’t necessarily the combativeness; it wasn’t that as much as the fact that the passage isn’t really that unclear. She knew what it said; she just didn’t like it. She wasn’t willing to accept it, and again, that can happen in so many places.

I remember with the split of the United Methodist Church, I can remember a colleague coming to me and saying, “I am wrestling with this because one of the things people seem to disagree on is same-sex marriage. And I just don’t understand. I read this morning in First Timothy, chapter one, verse ten. It says, ‘Those who practice homosexuality will not enter the kingdom of God.’ That’s what it says, but I don’t know what that means. That doesn’t make any sense because we don’t know what Paul was dealing with. That could mean any number of things. I mean, maybe he’s talking about prostitution. Maybe he’s talking about pedophilia. We just can’t know what Paul meant. We can’t know. I’m too confused. I don’t understand what he was trying to say. If only he would have left a second letter explaining his first letter, maybe we could have known what he meant, but we just can’t. It’s so confusing.”

I responded and said, “Well, what if he meant what he said? What if the two thousand years of Christians who all believed that he meant what he said were right, and it’s exactly what it looks like? I think your concerns are because the ethics that are often practiced today suggest that if you have any restrictions on sexuality, you must hate someone. Jesus never tells us to hate anyone—by no means. We’re supposed to love people, but there are certain ways that God tells us to shepherd our sexuality. That’s what the church has traditionally held. That’s what makes sense in the passage. What if Paul meant what he said?” He just responded, “That’s ridiculous. You’re being ridiculous. You can’t know what he meant. You can’t know. It’s impossible to know.” He knew what it said. He just wasn’t willing to accept it.

I don’t say this as someone who always is willing to accept what the Bible says immediately. We’ve all had those instances, haven’t we, where we read something—something that touches a nerve, something that calls us out, something that makes us say, “Jesus is going too far here. That’s not… I’m confused. I don’t understand what this means.” Often the confusion is not up here; it’s here. God has shared something that isn’t the way we would have done it. Do we trust him? Do we trust that he knows more than we do, and that his ways are good?

The crowd doesn’t. The crowd thinks he’s too baffling. They’re not ready to trust him. In verse fifty-three, Jesus responds again and again. Notice he will not make it even a little bit easier; he will get more intense again. He says, “Very truly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me and I in them. Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me.”

“This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your ancestors ate manna and died, but whoever feeds on this bread will live forever.” He said this while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum. Really intense. He’s just gone right out there. They’ve said, “I object on this premise,” and he says, “Let’s talk about that premise. I’m going to go with it. I’m going to run with it.” Why is he doing this? He’s about to explain. Verse 60: On hearing it, many of his disciples said, “This is a hard teaching. Who can accept it?” Notice what they say there. They don’t say, “This is a hard teaching. Who can understand it?” They understand. This is a hard teaching. Who can accept it? Aware that his disciples were grumbling about this, Jesus said to them, “Does this offend you? Then what if you see the Son of Man ascend to where He was before?”

Here he’s explaining why he is getting more intense. If he was chasing people down saying, “No, don’t walk away. Hear me out. Let’s work through this together”—Jesus doesn’t do that, though, and that’s consistent throughout the scripture. Think about the story of the rich young ruler who came to Jesus and said, “Jesus, I need you. I want to follow you. What do I need to do?” Jesus said, “Sell everything, give the money to the poor, and come follow me.” The man leaves sad because he’s not willing to do that. Jesus doesn’t chase him down; he lets him go. That seems to be the same spirit Jesus has here. He gets more intense. He doesn’t water it down. He says, “Does this offend you? Then what if you see the Son of Man ascend to where he was before?”

If you can’t believe this, this is just a starting place. This is nothing. Just wait, things get crazier from here. If you can’t accept this, there are going to be things to come that will utterly confound you. You are going to see the miraculous and balk. You are going to see things like me ascending—I’m going to leave. What are you going to do? You’re going to panic! Why? Because right now you’re counting on me making it easy, coming to you, and constantly making things easier. I don’t want you to trust my pretty words. I want you to trust me. Do you trust me? Because if you do, you will be able to weather anything that comes—all the wild stuff. That’s good for us today, too. God isn’t done doing wild things. If we can’t trust him in the little stuff, how can we trust him with things that haven’t even happened yet?

“The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you—they are full of Spirit and life. Yet there are some of you who do not believe.” For Jesus had known from the beginning which of them did not believe and would betray him. He went on to say, “This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless the Father has enabled them.”

When we see Jesus getting more intense and not chasing people down, it can feel like he must hate them or that he doesn’t care about them. We think if he really cared, he would make it easier. Jesus says, no. Everything I have spoken is spirit and life. Those who are enabled by the Father will get it. What does that mean? Here, we’ve got a group of thousands of people that we know are genuinely interested in Jesus. They have followed him to both sides of a sea and hunted for him on either side. They care, but they’re looking by their own power, not by God’s power. When humanity sinned and fell away from God, we became incapable of doing good.

We were meant to function hand in hand with God. The Holy Spirit is supposed to be our fuel, keeping us going and drawing us closer to God. When we cut ourselves off from God, how are we supposed to do good without the Holy Spirit? We’re capable of no good without God, and that includes things like knowing God. Even just knowing God is a good thing, and without God, we’re not even capable of that.

So what’s the solution? We have to ask God for help in knowing God. That seems a little crazy, I know. It’s a bit of a mind-bender. Even in his seminal work, Confessions, Augustine of Hippo admits that this is incredibly confusing. How do I do that? How do I call on a God that I don’t know yet? I have to know Him to call on Him, don’t I? And yet, when a preacher brings that word, it provides enough information to help us call on Him. You are loyal, God. You listen, and you allow us to draw on you to know you better. The only real way to know God is through God. We need His help to even know Him.

That is applicable to us today as well. If you are in a place where you can’t see God—you are looking and you just can’t see Him in the world around you—ask him for help. Just pray a simple prayer: God, reveal yourself to me. Help me to see you in this world. Help me to know you better. Knock and the door will be opened.

Verse 66: From this time, many of his disciples turned back and no longer followed him. “You do not want to leave too, do you?” Jesus asked the twelve. We know Jesus knows the answer to this. That’s been one of the focuses throughout John chapter six. Every time there has been a question, the text tells us that Jesus already knew. It said just a few verses ago that Jesus already knew who was going to follow him and who wasn’t. He knows. But you have to imagine this is an emotionally charged question, because watching thousands of people turn away—thousands of people he loved, thousands of people he came here to save and to die for—watching them walk away must have broken his heart. He turns to the twelve: “You don’t want to leave me too, do you?” Simon Peter responds, “Lord, to whom shall we go?” What a beautiful response. Peter gets a lot of things wrong, but this is beautiful. Lord, to whom shall we go? Where else could we go? Jesus, this is home. We belong with you. We wouldn’t know where else to go. Of course, we’re going to be here.

Is Jesus your hope? Could you say that? Who else would we go to? There is nowhere else. I’ll be here no matter what; it’s where I belong. “You have the words of eternal life. We have come to believe and to know that you are the Holy One of God.” He doesn’t say, “We have come to believe that we believe in you,” or, “We’ve come to believe that it’s possible that you are the way.” He doesn’t say, “We have come to believe that we have faith that you are the one.” He says, “We believe and we know.” The witness of God opened his eyes. He doesn’t just theorize; he knows. The evidence is sufficient. He knows.

The Holy Spirit can do that. You can know who God is. Wouldn’t this be a perfect place to end? Honestly, for a while, I thought it ended there. Isn’t it a nice triumphal ending? Everyone leaves, but the disciples stay and they’re not going anywhere. It doesn’t end there, though; it goes on just a little more. Jesus replies, “Have I not chosen you, the twelve? Yet one of you is a devil.” He meant Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot, who, though one of the twelve, was later to betray him.

This is not the only time Jesus says something like this. There are multiple instances in Scripture where Jesus, in front of Judas, foretells that Judas will betray him. It doesn’t seem to change Judas’s mind. Judas does not seem to be someone who is particularly open to meditating on the words of Jesus. We’ve all known that person who, whenever they hear criticism, looks at everyone else. I imagine Judas is like that. If Judas were around today and working in an office, and the boss came out and said, “All right guys, this quarter we’re going to have to work extra hard. I know some people have been slacking. I need you to buckle down,” Judas would be there saying, “Yeah! I know you guys have been slacking. Time to get serious.” Meanwhile, Judas is the one sleeping at his desk. He doesn’t even recognize it. He just looks at everyone else and says they’re the problem.

I imagine Judas is in just the same place here. Judas unapologetically is the one who is going to betray Jesus, and yet when Jesus says, “One of you is going to betray me,” I imagine Judas looking really severely at everyone else, maybe even looking at Peter. But it’s Judas. He’s a hypocrite. He doesn’t think these things through.

The passage ends on a note of telling them that it’s not done. They have faith here and they’ve learned, but it’s not over. There is more to come. There are new challenges that they will have to learn to trust God through. They’ve learned to trust Jesus even when the crowd turns away, but now there is a new circumstance: one of the twelve will turn away. There’s something new that they will go through, and they will need a new depth of trust in Jesus because even one of the ones that he chose will turn away.

The Christian life is always one of new challenges. There’s never a moment where you just say, “I have faith in Jesus,” and you’re done, you’re finished, and you never have to worry about it again because you trust Him and that’s good forever. You will still be concerned, you will still be afraid, and you will still be confused. The Christian life continually involves gaining a new, deeper faith. There are always new things that you will wrestle with and new challenges that life throws at you. Can you trust Jesus there? Can you trust him in what’s next? That development of faith doesn’t end after you just do it once. Continually, we are invited to know him better and to trust him even more.

Here at the end, let’s ask our question one last time: If God is all-powerful, why doesn’t he give me what I want? Why doesn’t he guarantee health and wealth? God’s miracles are not at our beck and call; they’re at His. We can ask him for help, and sometimes we’ll get it, and sometimes we won’t. Ultimately, a big part of this is trusting his will. He’s made his will known to us; he’s told us what he’s seeking. He is seeking the end of sin and death itself. He is seeking something wonderful, and he’s trying to help us. He’s told us that.

Can we trust him? Can we trust him when things are easy and when things are hard, when we get the miracle and when we don’t? God has not promised us anything in this life; he’s promised us everything in the next. Do we believe that? Can we trust him? The disciples learned to trust him. The crowd did not; they found every excuse in the book. Can we trust him? We have to learn to trust if we really want to be followers of God—to trust that in all circumstances he is seeking our good, our wellness, and that he loves us immensely.

Amen.

John 6:25-40 The Bread of Life

May 22, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

25 When they found him on the other side of the lake, they asked him, “Rabbi, when did you get here?”

Realizing Jesus didn’t board the disciples’ boat, the crowd searches both shores and eventually finds Him teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum (John 6:59). They may not fully understand what Jesus is trying to teach them, but there’s no doubt as to their zeal! They’ve come a long way to find Jesus.

26 Jesus answered, “Very truly I tell you, you are looking for me, not because you saw the signs I performed but because you ate the loaves and had your fill. 27 Do not work for food that spoils, but for food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you. For on him God the Father has placed his seal of approval.”

“Rabbi, when did you get here?”

1. Jesus doesn’t answer the question with any of the expected data (what, when, where, why). He gives an answer that’s entirely different from the question they asked!
2. Sometimes, God leaves questions unanswered, even as He reveals himself to us. There are always details that we won’t quite understand on this side of eternity, no matter how hard we search for them.
3. When he was on his deathbed passing away, Thomas Aquinas, one of the most famed theologians in Christian history, said, “Everything I have written is but straw!” If one of the deepest thinkers of God knew he knew nothing compared to the fullness of God’s revelation, how much can we claim to truly know the depths of God?
4. We can’t understand everything, but we can be humble enough to accept what we’ve been given and trust it given its source.
“Very truly I tell you, you are looking for me, not because you saw the signs I performed but because you ate the loaves and had your fill.”
1. Jesus explains their motive to them: they seek Him because his miracle gave them full bellies, not because they grasped the miracle’s meaning. They’re stopping so far short of what they could get!
2. The problem isn’t wanting too much but too little. They avoided hunger for an evening and are excited about that, when they could avoid death for an eternity.
3. “It would seem that Our Lord finds our desires not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at the sea. We are far too easily pleased.” -C.S. Lewis, The Weight of Glory
4. “Not that he forbids his followers to labor that they may procure daily food; but he shows that the heavenly life ought to be preferred to this earthly life, because the godly have no other reason for living here than that, being sojourners in the world, they may travel rapidly towards their heavenly country.” -John Calvin, Commentary on John, 6.

28 Then they asked him, “What must we do to do the works God requires?”

29 Jesus answered, “The work of God is this: to believe in the one he has sent.”

“What must we do…

1. 1. [T]hey said this, not that they might learn, and do them, but to obtain from Him another exhibition of His bounty. -Chrysostom, Homlily xIv. 1.
“The work of God is this: to believe in the one he has sent”

1. The belief that Jesus is talking about isn’t just an acknowledgement that he exists or any other sort of intellectual affirmation of the facts. It’s trust. This kind of belief is the kind that we mean when we tell someone we love, “I believe in you.”
2. Laws are important, but they aren’t the core of the Christian life. You don’t become a member of God’s family because you followed the rules well enough. We’re adopted into the family of God through Christ. We follow the law because we love our Father and trust him, not because it earns us our spot in his family..

30 So they asked him, “What sign then will you give that we may see it and believe you? What will you do? 31 Our ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written: ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’”

32 Jesus said to them, “Very truly I tell you, it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven, but it is my Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. 33 For the bread of God is the bread that comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”

“What sign then will you give that we may see it and believe you?”
1. Even after they witnessed one of Christ’s miracles firsthand, they insist that they should get to see an even greater miracle so that Jesus can earn their trust. Their ancestors saw this miracle! It’s too old! What’s something better that Jesus can offer up?
2. They want to stay in control, rather than yield to Jesus. Belief is less about evidence than most people think. The inclination of the heart is more influential than any amount of evidence.
3. Romans 1:20 explains that we’ve all seen enough evidence of God’s existence just by looking around creation: “For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.” Even with more miracles, a resistant heart reinterprets signs as coincidence and asks for more.
“it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven,”
1. Jesus corrects an important detail: Moses didn’t give anyone bread from heaven. God gave them bread from heaven, and he’s offering it to them again right now.
2. “Therefore, both that manna signified this meat, and all those signs were signs of me. You have longed for signs of me; do ye despise Him that was signified? Not Moses then gave bread from heaven: God gives bread. But what bread? Manna, perhaps? No, but the bread which manna signified, namely, the Lord Jesus Himself. My Father gives you the true bread.” – Augustine, Tractate 25, 13.
3. “‘But was it not true bread that their ancestors had in the desert?’
  I answer: If we define the true as defined against the false, then that bread was true, for the miracle of the manna was not false; but if we define the true as defined against the symbolic, then that bread was not true, but a symbol pointing to the spiritual bread, namely, our Lord Jesus Christ, whom the manna signified, as the Apostle says, 1 Cor. c. 10, 3: ‘all ate the same spiritual food.’” -Aquinas, Commentary on John, Lecture 4, 908

34 “Sir,” they said, “always give us this bread.”

35 Then Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. 36 But as I told you, you have seen me and still you do not believe. 37 All those the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never drive away. 38 For I have come down from heaven not to do my will but to do the will of him who sent me. 39 And this is the will of him who sent me, that I shall lose none of all those he has given me, but raise them up at the last day. 40 For my Father’s will is that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day.”

“I am the bread of life.”

1. “He does not say, I am the bread of nourishment, but of life, for, whereas all things brought death, Christ hath quickened us by Himself. But the life here is not our common life, but that which is not cut short by death: He that cometh to Me shall never hunger; and He that believeth on Me shall never thirst.” -Theophylact, Commentary on John, Ch. 6
“I have come down from heaven not to do my will but to do the will of him who sent me.”
1. Jesus isn’t there to do the crowd’s will or even his own will! He lives to do the Father’s will. And what is that will? Giving eternal life to those given to him.
2. God’s number one objective is solving the biggest problems: sin and death. Daily issues matter, but they’re not nearly as big and don’t matter nearly as much as we think they do.
“I shall lose none of all those he has given me, but raise them up at the last day.”

1. “They therefore who by God’s unerring providence are foreknown, and predestined, called, justified, glorified, even before their new birth, or before they are born at all, are already the sons of God, and cannot possibly perish; these are they who truly come to Christ. By Him there is given also perseverance in good unto the end; which is given only to those who will not perish. Those who do not persevere will perish.” -Augustine, de Cor. et Gratia, c. ix.
Life constantly throws new problems at us. Even today’s solutions lead to tomorrow’s problems! Bread today requires bread tomorrow. Most problems and solutions are temporary. Only God endures.

Full Transcript

We’ve been going through John chapter 6 here. The big question we’ve had on our minds as we go through is: if God is all-powerful, why doesn’t he give us what we want? Why doesn’t he give us health and wealth? We’ve thought of some different ways that people today answer that question.

The first week, we thought about prosperity gospel preachers—the people who say, “Why doesn’t God give you everything you want? He wants to! He wants to give you a million dollars. He wants to give you a new car. The problem is you. You don’t have enough faith. If you had more faith, God would be able to give you everything he wants to give you.” But when we look in John chapter 6, sometimes Jesus does say no. Sometimes Jesus puts people through difficult trials. Jesus doesn’t always give us an easy life. Not only that, but as we look through Christian history, there have been a lot of Christians who were very good, devout, and faithful, but were neither particularly healthy nor particularly wealthy. God doesn’t always give us everything we want.

Then we looked at another way people might try to answer that question, one that falls short of Christian orthodoxy. We thought about the people who kind of spiritualize it. They say, “Why doesn’t God give us everything we want? Because that’s not really what He does. That’s not what God’s interested in. God is not a god of earthly things; He’s a god of heavenly things. Go to Him with problems that are on your heart, problems that you know are on your mind, and problems that are about salvation, courage, and the things you can’t see and touch. That’s what God deals with. He doesn’t deal with stuff like food or money; that’s too earthly. It’s not good to go to him with things like that.”

But again, looking at John chapter 6, God does work that way. God works in ways that definitely impact the earth and earthly things. He multiplies food for hungry people. When his disciples are struggling to get across the Sea of Galilee, he helps them get to the other side. Not only does he repeatedly find ways to change the world, but he uses things that people actually do. He takes this offering of bread and fish from a boy and multiplies it. He takes the hard work that the disciples have put in and gets them all the way across. God does care not only about the physical world, but about what we do in it. He wants to see our work and magnify it. God’s not just a God of the heart; he’s the God over everything.

Today I want to introduce one more kind of answer to that question. The two we’ve looked at at least have a Christian framework. Today we’re going to look at one that does not: “Why doesn’t God give me everything I want if he’s all-powerful?” Some people respond, “Because he’s not real. If God were a person, we would not suffer the way we do.” People who have this answer very often have a wound they’re dealing with—some personal frustration or some hurt that is real. They ask things like, “If God’s real, why did my mom get sick? If God is all-powerful, why did my child die? If God is real, why did I suffer the way that I did while He didn’t lift a finger to help me? If God is all-powerful, He’s not good. Frankly, I don’t even think He’s real.”

That alone, I think, makes some of us hesitate. We see the woundedness and we don’t want to be insensitive, but I think we still need to acknowledge that that’s a wrong way of thinking. It’s easier to identify it when it’s in the positive. It’s easier to say, “God isn’t going to give you a million dollars just because you want it,” than it is to say, “God won’t always make your life easy, even when important things are on the line—even when you’re asking for someone you deeply care about to be healed, or even when you’re dealing with basic household economics and things aren’t coming out in the positive.” God doesn’t guarantee that everything is always going to go your way. Even when you aren’t just trying to get something actively positive, but are enduring something negative, there’s not always a miracle that comes in and sweeps you off your feet, hard as that is to acknowledge.

But it’s not that God doesn’t care. God cares. His plans are often hard for us to understand, but he cares. Do we trust him? That’s what’s at stake, and that’s what we’re going to be engaging with throughout these passages: trusting God even when we don’t get the things that seem like an obvious good, things that He knows are good.

Let’s engage here in chapter 6, starting at verse 22. Remember, we started at the beginning of the chapter. Thousands of people go around the Sea of Galilee to listen to Jesus speak and to have Him heal people for them. Jesus turns to Philip and says, “How are we going to feed all these people?” This is a test; he knows what he’s going to do. Philip says, “We can’t. Too many people. Can’t afford it.” Then the boy offers up his bread and fish. Jesus starts handing it out and just keeps handing it out. He just keeps going and going, handing out more than enough from this tiny little meal of a kid. The crowd sees that, and they get to thinking, “All right, if this guy can make bread and fish, what else can he do? I want this guy solving all my problems. Let’s get him working for us. Let’s make him the king. I don’t care what he thinks, I want him to be working for me.”

Jesus sees this happening. He sends the disciples across the Sea of Galilee, and he himself goes up on a mountain to pray. It’s a stormy day, and a storm kicks up over the sea. The disciples row all night, from evening until the dawn breaks, muscles aching and blisters forming on their hands, and they’re only halfway after all those hours. Jesus sees them, comes to them over the water, and they accept him onto their boat. Immediately, they’re where they need to be. I’m not saying that in an abstract way; they are at the other side. The second they take Jesus into their boat, they reach the other side.

Now we pick up, but we’re going to go back. We’re going to be with the crowd—the same crowd that saw Jesus do the loaves and fishes. They’re waking up the next morning and figuring things out. The next day, the crowd that had stayed on the opposite side of the lake realized that only one boat had been there, and that Jesus had not entered it with his disciples, but that they had gone away alone. Then some boats from Tiberias landed near the place where the people had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks. Once the crowd realized that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there, they got into the boats and went to Capernaum in search of Jesus.

They wake up and they realize, after enduring this night of storms—I don’t know how they slept, if they brought tents, or what their sleeping arrangement was—but they wake up and wonder, “Where’d the disciples go?” Gone. They took a boat last night. “Where’s Jesus?” Nobody knows. Nobody saw him. Maybe they even went up that mountain. Maybe someone saw him going up there. They’re peeking around for him. This is thousands of people; you can imagine how chaotic it would be to figure out what’s going on! So they spend all morning trying to figure it out. They don’t find him, and they don’t find any of the disciples, so they go on a search for Jesus.

Here’s just a little detail. I don’t think it has any deep spiritual or symbolic meaning, but I just think it’s a good thing to remember. Did you notice that boats come? The disciples were the only ones with a boat last night. There were no other boats—thousands of people, no boats. Now there are boats landing to take them. Why were there no boats the night before? Because there was a storm coming! Everyone else had taken their boats in. The disciples were the only ones crazy enough to get in their boat and try to cross the sea when there was a storm of that magnitude, and even then, it was only because Jesus told them to. Little details like that are helpful. It reminds us that this is not Aesop’s fables. Boats don’t just appear and disappear at random. These are real people in the real world. There are reasons for things. When the boats weren’t there, it’s because conditions were bad and the storm might damage them. When they are there, there is a rationale to it.

Verse 25 says, “When they found him on the other side of the lake…” This is another moment where I think it would be easy to misimagine what’s going on. It’s helpful to skip ahead a little bit to get the setting. Verse 59 tells us where they find Jesus; it says Jesus was speaking to them while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum. So, this does not unfold on the beach. We don’t just go hang out on the beach with the crowd while Jesus and his disciples sit quietly, waiting for everyone to catch up with them. They’ve got places to be. They’re trying to make it to Capernaum. They get there, Jesus goes to the synagogue, and he starts teaching. He doesn’t just sit there quietly while the crowd catches up. So, that’s where they are; you can keep that in your mind.

This crowd is so eager to see Jesus that they not only walk around the sea and then boat over it, but they search for him on one side and then search for him on the other side, all the way to the point where they find him teaching in a synagogue in Capernaum. As much as they don’t get Jesus, you can’t doubt that they want to. They’re trying. These are people who are really, genuinely attempting to get it—crossing the sea twice and searching for him on both sides.

When they found him on the other side, they asked him, “Rabbi, when did you get here?” Can you imagine if he answered that? “Oh yeah, I was up on the mountain praying, but then I saw down in the storm that my disciples were having a hard time. So I just kind of strolled down and walked across the water to help them out. Then I used a little bit of miraculous power to teleport them the rest of the way. We took a break that morning while you were searching, strolled into Capernaum, and I started teaching.” He doesn’t say that. You have to wonder if they would even believe it if they heard it. They’ve seen Him multiply loaves and fishes, but would they believe He can walk across water? Would they believe he can teleport boats? You have to wonder if they would be able to believe any of those things. They don’t even have a framework to think about it properly.

But we don’t get to find out because Jesus doesn’t tell them. They ask this question, and Jesus never answers it. They don’t need to know. He just moves on. God does that to us sometimes, doesn’t he? We have questions that are burning on our hearts, and we ask God, “Why, God?” And He doesn’t answer them—sometimes not for days, sometimes not for months, and sometimes we just never know. That’s not because God doesn’t want us to know Him. Scripture as a whole is a revelation of God telling us who He is, what He’s about, and what He’s doing. But there are still these things that we just don’t know.

That’s frustrating. I think it’s frustrating. I am someone who wants to know everything I possibly can, so to know that there are some things I will never know is deeply frustrating, and I know some of you have certainly endured that same frustration. But the question is: can we trust God even when we don’t know all the answers? Can we trust Him even when we lack the framework to understand them, even if He did give them to us?

Thomas Aquinas, one of the greatest Christian theologians from the Middle Ages, wrote big commentaries on Scripture. He wrote giant, weighty tomes that are still read to this day, and he was one of the foremost Christian scholars of his era. When he was passing away, kind of drifting in and out of consciousness on his way to be with his Lord, his final words were, “Everything I have written is but straw.” His life’s work—some of the greatest Christian writings that we still look to—he called nothing. I don’t think he was saying that they are useless, but I do think that compared to eternity, compared to what we will know when that veil is lifted and everything is made clear to us, what we have now is so small in comparison. There are some things we just won’t know this side of eternity.

Can we trust God? Can we trust God even when He doesn’t give us the answer that we’re looking for? Jesus doesn’t give this crowd the answer they’re looking for. Instead, He says, “Very truly I tell you, you are looking for me, not because you saw the signs I performed, but because you ate the loaves and had your fill. Do not work for food that spoils, but for food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you. For on him God the Father has placed his seal of approval.”

First off, he immediately knows their hearts, right? Jesus knows why they’re there. There is no fooling him. He knew when they wanted to make him king, and now he knows exactly what got them there. He says, “Oh, I know why you’re here. You want more bread.” And they want more than that too, right? They want all kinds of things. They want the solution to every problem. They want to make him king so that he can execute their vision. But does Jesus scold them? Does he say, “Shame on you for wanting more bread”? Does he say, “Shame on you for wanting solutions to your problems?” Does he say, “It doesn’t really work like that. I’m kind of tired. I can only do so many miracles a day, so I’m kind of in my cool-down period. You’ve got to understand”? He doesn’t say any of that. Instead, Jesus says, “You’re not asking for enough. You are focusing on things that are too small. You want the solution to the problem right in front of you, but you know what’s going to happen after that? Another problem. And after that, there’s going to be another problem, because that’s the way life is. There’s always something, isn’t there? There’s always something new that draws your attention.”

Jesus tells them, “I don’t just want to give you the solution to one problem. I want to give you the solution for all of your problems—the biggest solution there is. Think bigger! You’re getting distracted by the bread. I want to solve death! That’s the problem I want to solve. You are going to die someday, and I want to solve that. I want eternal life for you. I want to take away the biggest thing that is stressing everything, the thing that causes every other problem. I want to address that.”

Think bigger! Address the biggest problem there is. I think C.S. Lewis said it really well: “It would seem that our Lord finds our desires not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at sea. We are far too easily pleased.” Jesus offers them more than they asked for.

It is worth addressing because I think to many people, just reading that Jesus is offering them the bread of life—this eternal life thing—feels like, “Okay, but that’s a spiritual thing. That’s not something genuinely real that I can touch and have, and that’s not the kind of solution I’m interested in. That’s a luxury.” For people who already have food, money, and their whole lives figured out, then they can dabble in things like eternal life and these theoretical problems.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs comes to mind—this idea that you can’t really focus on self-actualization until you’ve addressed a million other things, and once you get those in place, then finally you can start to think about things like spirituality and eternal life. But here’s the thing: Jesus is addressing a concrete problem, which is death.

Think about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In many ways, it’s anti-poor. It assumes that if you don’t have the physical stuff you need, you will have no interest in addressing questions like, “Why do I exist? How do I live a good life?” There can be no bigger question than that. How are you going to live a good life if you don’t know what one is? How are you going to reach the end of your life and say, “I’m glad that I lived the way I did,” unless you know what the point was? Spirituality is not a trifle to be toyed with by people who already have life figured out. It’s the biggest question there is: why do you exist, and how do you live well? That’s what Jesus is addressing. He says, “Seek eternal life. Solve the death problem.”

Then they ask him, “What must we do to do the works God requires?” Verse 29: “Jesus answered, ‘The work of God is this: to believe in the one he has sent.'” Look at their question: “What must we do to do the works God requires?” They’re thinking quid pro quo. “What do I have to do? You won’t give me this stuff; I get it. Maybe I’m not good enough. What do I have to do to get to a place where you will give me the things that I am seeking?” And what does Jesus say? “Believe in me.”

When he says “believe,” he’s not saying to theoretically affirm his existence. He’s saying it in a way that means loving trust—the same way you might say, “I believe in you” to a friend that you love. If you turned to someone and said, “I believe in you,” you certainly wouldn’t be saying, “I affirm that you exist.” You’d be saying, “I trust you. I know you’ve got this.” That’s what Jesus is talking about. That’s what he’s looking for—not just adhering to a law, and not just behaving in a way that’s acceptable. Not that laws are bad; there are a lot of laws in the Bible. They are good things, and they are intended to get you on track, but that is not the core of our relationship with God. The core of our relationship with God is trusting Him, loving Him, and believing in Him.

Can you imagine a family that functioned strictly based on rules? There was no affection at all, but all of the kids did exactly what they were told the whole time. The way that family functioned would be bizarre! It would be really weird. I know some of you who have kids are probably like, “I don’t know, I might be able to deal with that a little bit.” But that’s not what a family is about. It’s not about marching orders and strictly adhering to the rules. Love is the core of a family. The rules and laws are good; you hope your kids follow the rules because you love them and want what’s best for them, and you hope that they trust you enough to do what you ask. God wants us to be members of his family. He’s not just looking for us to take marching orders strictly. He says, “I want you to believe in me.” That’s the starting place, and we can go from there.

The crowd’s not thrilled with this answer. They respond, “What sign will you give us that we may see it and believe in you? What will you do? You want us to believe in you? What are you going to give us? Our ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'”

Our other passage touched on this: the Jews are seeking signs. Isn’t it interesting that they’re seeking signs even though they were already given one? They literally saw Jesus multiply bread and fish right in front of their eyes. But when Jesus says, “Trust me. You’re worrying about the little stuff. Trust me and stop worrying,” the first thing they say is, “Well, hold on. You haven’t given us enough evidence to trust you yet. You’re jumping the gun. Sure, you did the bread thing—that was interesting—but let’s be honest, the people in Moses’ day got bread from heaven. We’ve seen that one before. You’re going to have to do better than that if you want us to really trust in you.” They flip it around so that rather than putting their faith in Jesus, giving him agency, and following him, they want to be the ones in the driver’s seat. They say, “Jesus, you do what we say.” Jesus says, “Trust me,” and they say, “You haven’t given me reason to yet. Give me a little more evidence. Give me something bigger.”

That, again, I think is something many people wrestle with. I wrestled with that for a long time. Is there enough evidence? Has God given us sufficient evidence? This group had the advantage of literally seeing the multiplication of bread and fish, but even after that, did they think it was sufficient? No.

God gives us all the evidence we could possibly want. The book of Romans says that in chapter 1: all of the world has sufficient evidence to know that God exists and is good. Just by looking around, just by looking outside, we can see the universe is so intricately and carefully designed. The beauty around us alone is testimony to the fact that God exists and loves us. Who could look at the eclipse and say there’s no evidence? Who could look outside at a field and say there’s no evidence? There’s evidence all around us. God has given us evidence after evidence.

When we say there’s not enough evidence, very often God has already given it to us. But even when we get the evidence—even when God gives us a special revelation, or even when he does a miracle to show us that he’s there, he loves us, and he’s seeking us—if our heart is not in a place where we are able to trust him, there’s no amount of evidence that will be sufficient. God could give us more and more up until eternity, and it wouldn’t be enough. You get one thing and say, “God, if you give me this, I’ll believe in you.” Then you get it and say, “Eh, that’s just a coincidence. I’m going to need another one.” Then something else happens and you think, “I’m not sure. It would need to be bigger.” Being able to believe in Jesus is much less an evidence problem than some people make it out to be. It’s much less about evidence and much more about the heart. Can we trust that someone else is seeking what’s best for us, or are we unwilling to get out of the driver’s seat and trust someone else?

Jesus said to them, “Very truly I tell you, it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven, but it is my Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is the bread that comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”

“Sir,” they said, “always give us this bread.”

We’re back to bread talk. They like that—something physical, something they can wrap their minds around. “Give us that.”

Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. But as I told you, you have seen me and still you do not believe. All those the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never drive away. For I have come from heaven not to do my will but the will of him who sent me. And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should not lose anything, but raise them up at the last day. For my Father’s will is that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day.”

“I’m not here to do your will. I’m not here to do my will. I’m here to do the Father’s will.” And he makes the Father’s will clear in no uncertain terms. What does God want? Eternal life for us. That’s what He is seeking. He wants to solve the biggest problem there is.

As we go through life, there are a million problems that catch our eye. We are not so very different from the people who kept chasing Jesus all over the place, trying to get more miracles out of him. We face problems about where we are going to get our meals, problems about governance, and problems about economics. There are a million and one problems constantly bearing down on us. Can we trust God? Can we trust God even when we don’t get what we want all the time? That’s the question we have to endure.

God recognizes that even in spite of the individual problems stacked up against us, there’s a bigger problem bearing down on us. All of these problems that we see are only problems for a day. They are problems for a day that we will endure, we will get past, and we will continue to work through. But everything we see is passing away. None of it is permanent. The little problems aren’t permanent, and the solutions aren’t permanent. We get a bag of bread, and then we need a new bag of bread. There’s only one permanent thing, and that permanent thing is God. He lives forever, he endures, and he wants us to endure too. Put your faith in me. He says, “I will not just solve the little problems; I’m going to solve all of them. I’ve got a plan. Do you trust me?”

Do you trust him?

John 6:16-24 Jesus Walks on Water

May 11, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

16 When evening came, his disciples went down to the lake, 17 where they got into a boat and set off across the lake for Capernaum. By now it was dark, and Jesus had not yet joined them. 18 A strong wind was blowing and the waters grew rough. 19 When they had rowed about three or four miles,

“…they got into a boat and set off…”

1. Why did Jesus send his disciples away from the crowd while he went to the mountain? Knowing that the crowd had differed from Christ’s teachings so much that he had to remove himself, it is likely he wanted his disciples exposed to the same tempting thought patterns.
2. The crowd preferred the gift to the giver. The disciples left their company, assuring that their thoughts would not start to drift towards their way of thinking.
“A strong wind was blowing and the waters grew rough.”
1. The Sea of Galilee, 600 feet below sea level and surrounded by mountains, is prone to sudden, strong winds and storms.
2. “Darkness was increasing, discernment was diminishing, iniquity was growing. When, therefore, they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty furlongs. Meanwhile they struggled onward, kept advancing; nor did those winds and storms, and waves and darkness effect either that the ship should not make way, or that it should break in pieces and founder; but amid all these evils it went on.” -Augustine, Tractates on the Gospel of John, 25, 6.
…they had rowed about three or four miles…”
1. The disciples rowed all night (six to eight hours) in a brutal storm and only reached halfway across the sea (about three to four miles).
2. This struggle wasn’t some sort of punishment; Jesus Himself sent them into the storm. He has something to teach them here.
3. Even though the disciples couldn’t see Jesus, Mark 6:48 explicitly says that Jesus was watching them straining at the oars from the top of the mountain and praying for them. He never took his eyes off them.

they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the water; and they were frightened. 20 But he said to them, “It is I; don’t be afraid.” 21 Then they were willing to take him into the boat, and immediately the boat reached the shore where they were heading.

“It is I; don’t be afraid.”
1. Strangely, they are afraid of the very thing that can save them. The glory of Christ on the water is a sight they can’t fully comprehend at this point in their lives.
2. “[T]he interior effect was fear; and therefore the fear of the disciples, conceived from Christ’s sudden appearance, is set forth when it says: ‘and they were afraid’ — either with a good fear, because it was caused by humility; ‘Do not be haughty, but fear’ (Romans 11:20). Or with an evil fear, because, as is said in Matthew 14:26, they thought him to be a ghost. ‘They trembled with fear where there was no fear’ (Psalm 13:5 [Vulgate numbering]). For fear especially belongs to carnal people, who shrink back from spiritual things.” -Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on John, Ch. 6, 882.
Here, Matthew’s Gospel mention’s Peter’s attempt to walk on water (Matt. 14:22-33), which is an incredible act of faith, even though he faltered.
“Then they were willing to take him into the boat, and immediately the boat reached the shore where they were heading.”
1. Jesus waited until the disciples were willing to take Him into the boat. He doesn’t force His way in; He waits for an invitation.
2. The moment Jesus entered the boat, they “immediately” reached the shore. This is a second miracle, which shows the the power of letting Jesus take control.

22 The next day the crowd that had stayed on the opposite shore of the lake realized that only one boat had been there, and that Jesus had not entered it with his disciples, but that they had gone away alone. 23 Then some boats from Tiberias landed near the place where the people had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks. 24 Once the crowd realized that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there, they got into the boats and went to Capernaum in search of Jesus.

“Our Lord, though He did not actually shew Himself to the multitude walking on the sea, yet gave them the opportunity of inferring what had taken place; The day following, the people which stood on the other side of the sea saw that there was none other boat there, save that one whereinto His disciples were entered, and that Jesus went not with His disciples into the boat, but that His disciples were gone away alone. What was this but to suspect that He had walked across the sea, on His going away? For He could not have gone over in a ship, as there was only one there, that in which His disciples had entered; and He had not gone in with them.” -Chrysostom, Hom. xliii. 2.

Full Transcript

“Sow a financial seed on your MasterCard, Visa, or Discover and watch the heavens open up and the blessings of the Lord come down on you.”

Last week, we started talking about John chapter 6 with a conversation about what’s known as the prosperity gospel—this idea that God wants you to have everything you could possibly want. He wants you to have a million dollars; he wants you to get that raise at work; he wants you to have an attractive spouse. He wants you to have health, wealth, and prosperity—everything you could ever dream of. The problem, according to this view, is you. You don’t have enough faith. If you just had a little more, he would give you everything you wanted.

Now, that’s not true. You can tell because even the people in the biblical era didn’t have big hordes of cash. The apostles were poor. Jesus was poor. Throughout history, there have been a lot of great Christians who have not been particularly wealthy or healthy. Your faith does not directly correlate to you getting everything you’ve ever wanted.

The prosperity gospel is not true, but I do want to clarify something here. I think we can go in the opposite direction pretty easily and end up in a bad place. We can say, “Oh, God doesn’t like us talking about money. Maybe he can’t handle money. Maybe I should never pray about money or health. Maybe God’s a spiritual God and he only handles spiritual things.” We might think that when we pray to God, we should only bring the spiritual stuff, but for the real world—for this life—we shouldn’t go to God because that’s too worldly.

I think of a monk from a long, long time ago named Evagrius. Isn’t that a great name? Evagrius. He sounds like a wizard. Evagrius the monk was someone who wrote about prayer. He wrote a lot of good stuff and a lot of bad stuff—it was kind of a toss-up. In his writing on prayer, he said that if you’re a really mature Christian, you should only have to pray one prayer: “Thy will be done.” That’s it. You don’t need to pray for anything else because you should just be able to trust God. Don’t worry about the details; just one prayer: “Thy will be done.” I can see what he was trying to get at, and I don’t want to be uncharitable—there is some wisdom to that—but I can’t help but notice that it doesn’t sound very much like what Jesus said.

In Matthew chapter 7, verses 7 through 11, Jesus said, “Which of you, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? If you then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good gifts to those who ask him?” You can ask God about food and worldly things. It is interesting that Jesus gives the specific examples of bread and fish. Those are two things he brings up that someone might ask for.

Isn’t that exactly what Jesus dealt with last week? We saw that he was dealing with bread and fish in the feeding of the five thousand. Remember, there were probably more than five thousand men, and we don’t know how many women and children. “The feeding of the five thousand” sounds really cool, so we just go with that. Jesus did this miracle, and while there were certainly symbolic and spiritual elements to it, keep in mind the primary reason he did it: people were hungry. They needed something to eat.

Our God is not just the God of the spiritual realm. He’s not someone you can’t go to about your real physical needs. Jesus cares about all of it, and he’s the God over all of it. So don’t fall into that opposite trap of thinking Jesus doesn’t care about physical stuff. He does. The problem with the prosperity gospel isn’t that God can’t give us whatever we ask for—God can do whatever he wants; he’s God. The problem is that sometimes we’re more interested in the gifts than the Giver.

Sometimes we forget to seek God and trust that he knows more than we do. Sometimes the things he is trying to help us with are things we don’t even know about. We think our biggest problem might be that we don’t have a million dollars, but God can see other things. Sometimes he’s working on our character or teaching us to trust him. He is teaching us lessons that are really important in the face of eternity. If we only lived 100 years, that would definitely change our needs, but we know we’re eternal beings. There are things really important beyond this life that God might be working on in us. We need to be open to God, trust him, and let him work on what we need. We must trust that he knows what we need and not get angry and say, “Well, God hasn’t given me all the stuff I want. God, you owe me some stuff.”

This is one of those things we’re going to keep hearing about as we continue. If God has all this power, why doesn’t he give me all this stuff? Last week at the beginning of chapter six, we looked at the feeding of the five thousand. We saw how Jesus turned to Philip and said, “Hey, we need to feed all these people.” Philip said he didn’t know how they were going to do that because they didn’t have the money or the logistics. It didn’t make sense to him. Jesus was testing him, and Philip failed the test because he relied on what was in his control. He didn’t rely on Jesus or trust him; he tried to solve it by himself.

Andrew, a different disciple, introduced the young boy who gave Jesus his lunch of bread and fish. Jesus took that lunch and started handing it out. He just kept going and going. Not only was he able to feed everyone who had gathered, there were actually whole baskets of food left over. It wasn’t just enough for everyone to have their fill; it was more than enough.

Then those people got to thinking: “If Jesus can do this, what else can he give me?” They wanted to force Jesus to become their king. It didn’t matter what he wanted; they wanted him in charge so he could solve all their problems. This is something I didn’t talk about last week, but I wanted to touch on it because they say, “Surely this is the prophet who has come into the world.” From that, we learn that Jesus knew their intent was to force him to become king.

Why would they say that? It seems like an odd, random thing to say, but it’s a reference to Deuteronomy chapter 18, verse 15. That is where Moses is speaking to the Israelites and says, “The Lord will raise up a prophet like me from among you.” Moses was the greatest prophet of all time. David was a great king, but Moses was the one—the Ten Commandments guy who got them out of Egypt. You can’t do better than Moses, and Moses said there would be a prophet like him. People were waiting on that guy who was going to be as incredible as Moses.

Now here comes Jesus. Moses led them into the wilderness and fed them bread from heaven to sustain them for forty years. Jesus leads them into the wilderness and doesn’t just give them enough bread to sustain them; he gives them more than enough. This guy’s not only like Moses, he’s even better. That’s where that phrase connects.

They want to make him king, but Jesus has had this offer before. At the beginning of his ministry, Jesus went into the wilderness where he was tempted by Satan. One of the temptations was to bow down, and everything he saw would be his. Of course, Jesus said no. Jesus does not need the approval of the world. He has authority of his own. He doesn’t need an earthly crown; he has a heavenly one. Jesus said no to Satan, and here is this crowd hoping he will seize a crown for himself. Jesus leaves and goes to a mountain by himself.

This morning, I am going to rely on a few different passages. This story of Jesus walking on the water appears in three of the gospels: Mark, Matthew, and John. The only one that does not contain it is Luke. I’m going to rely on all of them. Normally, I don’t always do this. I think there is wisdom in looking at individual passages and letting them stand on their own. But as I read the other two accounts, I couldn’t help but notice that they all add something really important. Mark tells us so many details about motivations, Matthew tells us about the reactions of the disciples, and John tells us some of the more miraculous elements.

At the end of the day, I am not just looking at this passage because I want to know the words John chose. I am learning about it because I want to know what happened that day with Jesus and the disciples. If you want to look at them in the coming week, I encourage you to—they are well worth it. The other two are Mark chapter 6, verses 45 through 52, and Matthew chapter 14, verses 22 to 33. It is really interesting to read them all next to each other and see how those elements interact.

Mark tells us a little more about the motivation of why Jesus left. John just says, “And Jesus left and went to a mountain by himself.” Mark tells us he went to the mountain to pray. Now we know what Jesus is doing: he is spending time with his Father in heaven. While Jesus is on that mountain praying, see verse 16: “When that evening came, his disciples went down to the lake, where they got into a boat and set off across the lake for Capernaum.”

Again, we can rely on Mark to tell us why. Why are these disciples getting into a boat and going across a lake when Jesus is going up the mountain? Why don’t they follow him? Mark tells us Jesus told them to do that. Before he went up the mountain, Jesus turned to them and said, “Hey, get in the boat. Go across the lake. I’ll catch up.”

Isn’t it interesting that he tells his disciples to get out of here in a way that’s difficult for people to follow? The crowd wants Jesus to become king. They are so hopeful he will solve all of their problems after seeing his divine power. Don’t you think the disciples might have been a little tempted to do the same? They already believe in Jesus and think he’s incredible. They don’t always understand him, but they know he’s an impressive guy. With all these people wanting him to be king, there would be that temptation to say, “Maybe Jesus doesn’t know what’s best. Maybe he should be king. Maybe he doesn’t believe in himself enough, and I believe in him more than he does. Jesus, yes, we’re going to make you king. The crowd is right.”

Rather than stay and allow them to be continually tempted, Jesus tells them to get out of there. That is a good reminder for all of us. How often do we put ourselves in situations where we are tempted to do something we know God wouldn’t want us to do? Rather than leave, we stay and see how long we can make it, continually fending off that temptation. Don’t do that. Get out.

Maybe you’re in a situation where you’re working with someone who’s just irritating. They’re driving you nuts, they’re getting everything wrong, and they’re saying crazy things. You’re about to give them a piece of your mind—get out of there. If you need to talk, come back later when you’ve cooled down. Don’t allow yourself to be continually tempted. Remove yourself from the situation.

Or maybe you’re with a friend and you’re enjoying your evening, but suddenly you start talking about things that aren’t very edifying. Suddenly, you start sniffing around some gossip. You might say, “Oh, we shouldn’t talk about that,” but then you come around for another pass. You just keep getting closer and closer. Don’t do that! Get out of there. Change your environment. When you see yourself being tempted in an environment where it’s continually coming at you, move. Maybe Jesus is telling you, “Get out of there! Go!” That’s what he tells the disciples.

So they get on this boat and they go. A strong wind was blowing and the waters grew rough. There seem to be an awful lot of storms on the Sea of Galilee, don’t there? This is not the only miracle about a storm on that sea. I am sure you remember another one where the storm is raging and Jesus is sleeping. The disciples tell him, “Jesus, we need help,” and he quiets the storm.

The Sea of Galilee has a lot of storms because of a geographical feature. Galilee is a mountainous region, and the Sea of Galilee is six hundred feet below sea level. When a wind comes whipping down off those mountains, it becomes very easy for the weather to get rough. It’s just a region given to storms because of its geography. Now, these disciples knew this well; some of them were experienced fishermen.This was not their first rodeo. It wasn’t that they’d never seen a storm before, but this one was especially brutal. John tells us that they had rowed about three or four miles, which is about halfway through the Sea of Galilee. They were at the halfway point, and Mark tells us how long it took them to reach that spot: he says it was about dawn.

They left the night before, meaning they had been rowing all night and were still only halfway. That would be brutal. Just imagine being in that boat. Imagine the darkness around you and the wind howling. Imagine the thunder and lightning. Imagine sweat dripping down your brow, interspersed with seawater. You are straining at those oars, and blisters are forming on your hands because you’ve been at it for hours and hours. It’s three or four in the morning at this point, and you’re still going.

But when they had made it about three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the water. Now, you have to admire where they’d been until this point. They worked hard, didn’t they? The venerable Bede, one of the most prolific commentators in the Middle Ages, wrote regarding this passage: “The ship does not carry a lazy crew.” They were all stout rowers. The Church is not lazy or fragile; we are tireless, constantly persevering in good works, eager to reach the harbor of everlasting salvation. These were men who worked hard. Jesus told them to do it, so they did it—even though he sent them right into a storm.

Some of you might be in storms right now. I know several of you have told me about the storms you’re facing. This week, more than usual, I feel like a lot of people are facing some hard stuff. If you are in a storm, just remember: that is not evidence that you are doing something wrong or something that Jesus doesn’t want you to do. There is that prosperity gospel thinking that says, “If God wants me to do it, it will be easy.” That’s really tempting. We think, “Oh man, this is getting hard; God must not want me doing this.” That is not necessarily true.

Here, Jesus sent these men into something very difficult because he was teaching them something. There was value to this. Going into something hard was not worthless; it was important. If you are in a storm, stay with it. You never know when you are right on the brink of something. You never know when Jesus is going to come walking to you over the waters.

Where was Jesus to these disciples? They didn’t know. They couldn’t see him. We know he was up on a mountain, and the book of Mark provides those little details: he was watching them and praying. He saw them straining at the oars. He knew they were having a hard time, and he was praying for them. They were never out of the sight of Jesus. They may not have been able to see him, but Jesus never took his eyes off them.

When he saw it was time, he came down off that mountain. I don’t know what that looked like. Did he just zoom down? Did he make a trek? We only know that he made his way over those stormy waters. These were not still, gentle pond waters, either. I imagine it would be harder to walk on storm waters—that’s just my hot take.

Jesus comes walking over the storm waters, and they are terrified. Verse 19 says: “When they had rowed three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the water, and they were frightened. But he said to them, ‘It is I; don’t be afraid.'” Maybe that is something Jesus is saying to you. If you are in a storm, if you are having a hard time, if you are facing something that’s frustrating and just beating you down, Jesus is saying to you: “Do not be afraid.”

Matthew tells us the part where Peter gets out of the boat and tries to walk to Jesus. He makes it a couple of steps across those waters, but then he ultimately falls in because he does not have enough faith. Usually, that is a lesson about how Peter should have had more faith. But I have to give Peter a little bit of credit. Even making one step on the water is more than I’ve made. That’s impressive—to have so much faith you could even take one step on water. We should all try to have as much faith as we can.

After that incident, they were willing to take him into the boat. Now, Jesus had just walked across the water; if he wanted on that boat, there wasn’t a thing anyone could do to stop him. But Jesus doesn’t just jump onto the boat. He waits. He waits until they want him on the boat.

I’m not going to say Jesus always follows this rule, because sometimes he does things that are unexpected. For example, Paul, who wrote so many of the epistles in the New Testament, was someone who persecuted the church, and Jesus blinded him so that he would see the truth. Sometimes things happen in unexpected ways. But as much as that is true, more often than not, Jesus does not go around blinding people on a regular basis. Most of the time, he waits. He waits just outside the boat, waiting for someone to let him in. He stands at the door and knocks, waiting for someone to answer.

Is there an instance in your life where Jesus is waiting just outside of it? You haven’t let him in yet. You’re trying to do it on your own, working by your own power, and Jesus is just waiting for the invitation to come in. Look what happens when he is on the boat: it says that immediately the boat reached the shore where they were heading.

This passage doesn’t get enough credit. A lot of people don’t notice that this right here is a miracle. It doesn’t say, “And the storm subsided and they got there pretty quickly.” It says immediately the boat reached the shore where they were heading. They were exactly where they needed to go. The minute Jesus got on the boat, they were there.

How many of you need to learn the same lesson that Philip learned: that if you are trying to make it through something on your own power, it’s going to be hard? It might not be enough. Maybe there is a storm in your life, a challenge that you are facing. You are straining at the oars and working hard, giving it all of your effort, but making little to no headway. Jesus is coming to you across the water. He is waiting. Let go of those oars, let him into the boat, and trust that he will get you where you need to go.

John 6:1-15: The Feeding of the Five Thousand

May 6, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

6 Some time after this, Jesus crossed to the far shore of the Sea of Galilee (that is, the Sea of Tiberias), 2 and a great crowd of people followed him because they saw the signs he had performed by healing the sick.

3 Then Jesus went up on a mountainside and sat down with his disciples. 4 The Jewish Passover Festival was near.

“a great crowd of people followed him”
1. Notice that the crowd followed Jesus out into the wilderness without any food to begin with. One can’t help but be impressed by their devotion.
2. “Here we see, in the first place, how eager was the desire of the people to hear Christ, since all of them, forgetting themselves, take no concern about spending the night in a desert place. So much the less excusable is our indifference, or rather our sloth, when we are so far from preferring the heavenly doctrine to the gnawings of hunger, that the slightest interruptions immediately lead us away from meditation on the heavenly life.” -John Calvin, Calvin’s Commentary on John
“The Jewish Passover Festival was near.”
1. This detail adds another interesting dimension to the miracle. Passover commemorates the freedom of the Hebrew people from Egypt, after which people journeyed into the wilderness to reach the promised land. In the wilderness, the people were sustained by miraculous bread from God. At the upcoming feeding of the five thousand, here we are again, with people going into the wilderness and getting sustained by miraculous bread from God. What God did once long ago, he does again here.

5 When Jesus looked up and saw a great crowd coming toward him, he said to Philip, “Where shall we buy bread for these people to eat?” 6 He asked this only to test him, for he already had in mind what he was going to do.

The feeding of the five thousand is the only miracle, besides the resurrection, found in all four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John).
1. “Therefore as to this miracle, since we have heard how great it is, let us also search how profound it is; let us not only be delighted with its surface, but let us also seek to know its depth. This miracle, which we admire on the outside, has something within.” -Augustine, Tractate 24 on John, 2.
The Book of Luke tells us that Jesus also taught and healed while he was in the wilderness with the crowd.
“…to test him…”
1. Notice that Scripture explicitly says that Jesus was testing Philip. There’s intentionality behind his choice to go into the wilderness without food. This is no accident.
2. “Or to shew others it. He was not ignorant of His disciple’s heart Himself.” -Theophylact’s Commentary on John

7 Philip answered him, “It would take more than half a year’s wages[a] to buy enough bread for each one to have a bite!”

Philip failed the test by relying on earthly calculations, estimating more than a year’s wages would barely suffice. He focused on his capacity instead of Jesus’s.

8 Another of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, spoke up, 9 “Here is a boy with five small barley loaves and two small fish, but how far will they go among so many?”

Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, isn’t mentioned in Scripture a lot, but when he is, he’s consistently bringing people to Jesus.
1. John 1:40–42 Andrew meets Jesus and then runs to Simon to introduce him to Jesus as well.
2. John 12:20-22 A group of Greeks are in Jerusalem for the passover and want to meet Jesus. Philip turns to Andrew to make that introduction.
“…five small barley loaves and two small fish…”
1. Notice that the word “small” is used twice to emphasize just how insufficient this particular meal is.
2. Barley, the cheapest grain (about a third the value of wheat), was “peasant food.” The meal was meager. If this happened today, it may well have been five slices of Wonder Bread and a tin of tuna.

10 Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” There was plenty of grass in that place, and they sat down (about five thousand men were there). 11 Jesus then took the loaves, gave thanks, and distributed to those who were seated as much as they wanted. He did the same with the fish.

“(about five thousand men were there)”
1. The crowd numbered at least 5,000 men, not including women and children—possibly totaling 7,000 to 15,000.
Notice the three steps that Jesus takes:
1. 1. Took: Jesus took the loaves and fish, signaling that God’s work often involves offering what we have to him. God desires human participation in his work.
  2. Gave Thanks: Jesus gives thanks for the tiny insufficient meal. In his hands, it is more than enough. Sometimes, we may feel insufficient, but the way God sees us is different. In his hands, we are more than enough.
  3. Distributed: He distributed the food, and everyone ate “as much as they wanted.” In God, there isn’t just enough. There’s MORE than enough.

12 When they had all had enough to eat, he said to his disciples, “Gather the pieces that are left over. Let nothing be wasted.” 13 So they gathered them and filled twelve baskets with the pieces of the five barley loaves left over by those who had eaten.

“…twelve baskets…”
1. The miracle of Jesus doesn’t just give people enough; it gives them more than enough.
2. “[W]hy did He give the fragments to His disciples to carry away, and not to the multitude? Because the disciples were to be the teachers of the world, and therefore it was most important that the truth should be impressed upon them.” – Chrysostom, Hom. xlii. 3

14 After the people saw the sign Jesus performed, they began to say, “Surely this is the Prophet who is to come into the world.”

15 Jesus, knowing that they intended to come and make him king by force, withdrew again to a mountain by himself.

“Surely this is the Prophet who is to come into the world.”
1. “He was the Lord of the prophets, the fulfiller of the prophets, the sanctifier of the prophets, but yet a prophet also: for it was said to Moses, I will raise up for them a prophet like you. Like, according to the flesh, but not according to the majesty…. And the Lord says of Himself, A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country. (Jn 4:44)” -Augustine, Tractate 24 on John, 7.
“…they intended to come and make him king by force…”
1. They wanted to make Jesus an earthly king by force, likely expecting him to overthrow Romans and fix their economy. They saw Jesus as a tool to achieve their goals.
2. There are also many people today who want to harness God for their own personal gain. Preachers of the “prosperity gospel” make all kinds of claims about how God will give people exactly what they want if they only respond in the way that the preacher is insisting they should.
3. Rather than trying to make God follow our agenda, we need to serve His.
4. Be hungry for the bread of life, not just a life of bread.

Full Transcript

If God has infinite power, why doesn’t he use it to solve my problems? If God has infinite power, why don’t I have a new car? Why don’t I have a million dollars? He has miracles, right? Why doesn’t he whip up a miracle and give me a million bucks? That would be a good miracle in my book. Why doesn’t he give me health and wealth? Why doesn’t God do that? Some people will tell you that he does.

Some people will say that’s exactly how God works. God wants to give you a million dollars; God has that new car waiting for you. The problem is you just don’t believe enough. If you have enough faith, he’s going to give you all that and more. We call those people prosperity gospel preachers. The prosperity gospel is the belief that God will solve all of your problems exactly the way you want them solved if you do something. Maybe you need to have more faith, or maybe you need to give him money. Maybe something needs to be done, and then you will get everything you’ve ever dreamed of. You’ll get the money, the car, the health, and the wealth. You’ll get all of it. This is surprisingly popular.

It is wildly popular. The last time I went to Barnes & Noble, the majority of books prominently featured in the Christian section were by prosperity gospel writers. I’m sure anyone who’s ever seen a preacher on TV knows that televangelists are famously associated with the prosperity gospel. That doesn’t mean all authors and all TV preachers are like that, but a lot of them are. It’s a popular thing because it’s attractive. Who doesn’t want a silver bullet out there that’s going to solve all their problems? That would be great! Now I don’t have to worry about it; I just need that “thing.”

The problem, of course, is that it’s not true. That should be pretty obvious, at least because if you think about the Bible, you have to ask: was Jesus rich? This is not a theoretical question; this is for you. Was Jesus rich? Jesus was not rich. Was Peter rich? Was John rich? Was Andrew rich? None of them were rich. This is a faith about a crucified God. The apostles mostly were martyrs, with the sole exception of John, who died in exile. None of them got rich quick. The fact that people somehow hijack Christianity to claim that you can get rich quick today just doesn’t make any sense. It doesn’t fit, but that has not stopped people from making the claim anyway.

This past week, I looked through some prosperity gospel preachers just to see the kind of things they say. Here were some of my favorite quotes: “Don’t wait for the pie in the sky by and by when you die. Get yours now with ice cream and a cherry on top.” “Sow a seed on your Mastercard, your Visa, or your American Express, and when you do, expect God to open the windows of heaven and pour out a blessing.” “You must believe and then you’ll receive.”

My personal favorite apparently made headlines. There was one televangelist who explained to everyone that he had heard from God, and God told him that he was going to “call him home” unless his congregation could fundraise eight million dollars in three months. It’s just shameless. A lot of stuff like this is out there, and it’s just shameless. God doesn’t work like that.

The core idea here—that God wants to solve all of your problems on your terms—is half true. God wants to solve our problems. The biggest thing that gets in the way is that we don’t even know what our biggest problems are. We think we know. We think if God would just give us a million dollars, that would solve the problem. But God says, “That’s not your biggest problem. There’s some other stuff that’s way bigger in your life, and I’m working on that.”

Let’s dive into chapter six. Sometime after this, Jesus crossed to the far shore of the Sea of Galilee (that is, the Sea of Tiberias), and a great crowd of people followed him because they saw the signs he had performed by healing the sick. As you can probably surmise from the theme of this chapter, the crowd is going to get a lot of stuff wrong in the coming verses. But I like how we start. We start in a good place. These people are excited to know Jesus. Jesus is going to the other side of a sea, and their response is to go to the other side of the sea, too. They didn’t even have anything to eat. Thousands of people went to the other side of a sea just for the opportunity to spend more time with Jesus. That is a level of enthusiasm that is admirable regardless of what follows.

Are you that excited this morning? I hope you are. I hope you have that level of excitement in you because you should be excited. I think it’s easy for some folks to get ho-hum about church because we can’t see the spiritual reality of it; we only see the physical reality. We see the same walls and the same people. But we are in the house of God and Jesus is with us, and we get the chance to know him better. You should be excited. If you’re not excited, get excited.

Here are some people who are excited. They know how great Jesus is, and they want the chance to know him better. Verse three says: “Then Jesus went up on a mountainside and sat down with his disciples. The Jewish Passover festival was near.” Why are they telling us that detail? On one hand, they are telling us this because it helps you locate it in the time of the year.

I think another reason they’re invoking Passover here is that Passover is about remembering the plagues. That’s the final plague that came on Egypt. The angel of death came to Egypt because they would not free the Hebrew slaves and killed the firstborn of all the Egyptians. After that day, Pharaoh said to let the Israelites go free. That is really what we’re celebrating here: the freedom and what happened right after they were free. They went into the wilderness for a long time and were sustained by bread from heaven. Isn’t it interesting? Here are some people going into the wilderness to be sustained by some miraculous bread. God does something once, and then he does it again later. It’s almost like echoes of something that already happened—in this case, an even bigger instance of something from the past.

Verse five says when Jesus looked up and saw a great crowd coming towards him, he said to Philip, “Where shall we buy bread for these people to eat?” By the way, this particular miracle is the only miracle in the entire four gospels that appears in each one of them, barring the resurrection. In Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, there are a lot of stories that make it to two or three gospels, but this is a miraculous story that appears in all of them. This is really helpful because it tells us some of the details if you read across the breadth of scripture.

People are just coming up to Jesus, and he says, “We have to get food ready.” What are they doing out there? Are they just going to get a meal? Luckily, Luke fills in some of the details. It tells us that Jesus, during their time out here, also taught them and healed them. That is just a little that can be filled in by looking at the other scriptures.

Picking up again, when Jesus saw a great crowd coming towards him, he turned to Philip and asked, “Where shall we buy bread for these people to eat?” He asked this only to test him, for he already had in mind what he was going to do. It’s important that it tells us he was testing him. Can you imagine if that little detail wasn’t there? It would change the feel of the whole thing. Jesus turns to Philip and asks if they have any way to feed these people, Philip says they don’t because it’s too expensive, and then Jesus says he guesses he has to pull a miracle out. It would make the whole thing feel unintentional, like an accident where Jesus doesn’t understand money and has to do something to make up for it. It changes the whole vibe if you don’t know it’s a test.

God knows everything. He already knows what’s going to happen. He gives people the opportunity to do what’s right and show that they get it, or he gives people the opportunity to show that they need a little more time being educated. That’s what’s happening to Philip here. It’s important to note that because it happens throughout the Bible. Sometimes God asks someone a question when he already knows the answer. Sometimes God says one thing and then later does it a little differently because someone has spoken with him. It seems almost like he’s changed his mind, but God didn’t change his mind; he gave someone the opportunity to speak truth in a way that was good.

God tests people, and it’s true with us, too. Sometimes we go through some stuff and it’s not what we expect. God tests us. He gives us the opportunity to do what’s right or to show we need some more education. Philip, unfortunately, fails this particular test. He responds by saying it would take more than a year’s wages to buy enough bread for each one to have a bite. Faced with this crazy task, Philip immediately relies on himself. He’s from the area and knows things pretty well. He seems to be able to look at the crowd and think about where he could get food. He probably at some point has spoken with Judas, the treasurer of the group.

How crazy is that to think about, by the way? Jesus chose Judas to be the treasurer. Thank goodness we have Charity and Todd; I’d hate to have a Judas in that position. So, Philip knows about how much money they have. He knows the tools he has and what he brings to the table, and he knows this is not possible. He relies on his skills rather than on Jesus. He needs a little more education.

Then Andrew comes up in verse eight. Another of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, spoke up: “Here is a boy with five small barley loaves and two small fish, but how far will they go among so many?” Every time you see Andrew, he is introducing someone to Jesus. We saw him earlier in the book of John, and Andrew was introducing other people who would become disciples. Here, he’s introducing a young boy with loaves and fishes, and later on, he’s going to be introducing Gentiles to Jesus. Andrew is always introducing people to Jesus; it’s just one of those things he’s good at.

He introduces this boy who has five small barley loaves and two small fish. Notice that “small” is used twice here. This is not a big meal; it’s a boy’s meal. Some translations even say it’s a young boy’s meal. You have to imagine it’s not particularly big. Sometimes when you see Christian art, the boy comes forward with five nice, thick Italian loaves or big baguettes. Sometimes he’s got King’s Hawaiian—which, why wouldn’t you? It’s one of the best bread choices you can make. Those are all visually appealing, and there is nothing wrong with that, but in scripture, it’s not anything big. It’s five small barley loaves.

Barley loaves are not nice. Barley would have been the cheapest grain you could get; you can read about it in Ezekiel and Revelation. Barley comes up in both of those books as something that is not particularly valuable. If you give your kingdom away for a few handfuls of barley, you’ve given it away for nothing. Barley is worth about a third of what wheat is worth, so barley loaves are peasant food—commoner food. They’re not nice, and no one is necessarily excited to get them. It will fill your stomach, but it’s not particularly fancy.

A modern equivalent might be to imagine one of the kids that came up for the children’s moment. Imagine there was a church meal afterward and nothing had been prepared. One of those kids comes forward and they’ve got five slices of Wonder Bread and a tin of tuna. That’s what we’re looking at. This is not grand. People were probably thinking this wasn’t going to work. Even Andrew says as much: he notes the boy has some stuff to offer, but doesn’t know how far it’s going to get them.

But Jesus says, “Have the people sit down.” There is plenty of grass, so they sat down—about five thousand men were there. Jesus then took the loaves, gave thanks, and distributed to those who were seated as much as they wanted. He begins by taking it. Obviously, the kid offered it; Jesus isn’t stealing the loaves, but he is taking them. The kid can’t hold on to the meal and still see this miracle happen. Jesus takes it so the miracle can follow, and that’s important to remember.

Whenever we see a miracle—like when Jesus turned water into wine—notice that he asked them to gather water. Here, we see him feeding five thousand people, but he asks this boy for a meal. Whenever Jesus does great things, he wants humans to participate. He wants us to do something. He’s not just a genie who poofs things out of nowhere. He could if he wanted to, but he wants us to participate in what he’s doing. He wants us to do something so he can magnify it and make it even greater. It’s really humbling the way he allows us to participate in the greatness of what he does. He takes the loaves, and more will come of them because of that. You have to imagine that even for the kid, this is a good deal: he gives up one lunch and he gets as much as he wants down the road.

Everyone benefits because this kid was willing to hand over his meal. After Jesus takes the loaves, he gives thanks. There’s a great quote I came across from Charles Spurgeon referencing Augustine. You’ve got the “Prince of Preachers” invoking the “Father of Orthodoxy.” He says, “For five little cates and two sprats, God gave thanks to the Father. Apparently a meager cause for praise. But Jesus knew what he could make of them, and therefore gave thanks for what they would presently accomplish. God loves us,” says Augustine, “for what we are becoming. Christ gave thanks for these trifles because he saw whereunto they would grow.”

Jesus gave thanks for these breads and fishes knowing that, in their current form, they weren’t enough to feed five thousand people. But in the hands of Jesus, they could. That’s good news for us because, in our current form, we can’t do a whole lot. We are limited and we make mistakes. We are certainly not capable of a lot of things, but in the hands of God, we are capable of incredible things. We’re capable of miracles, just like those loaves and fishes.

Then he hands out as much as people want. It says there were five thousand men, a number that does not necessarily involve the women or the children. So how big was the crowd when all was said and done? Was it seven thousand? Ten thousand? Fifteen thousand? It’s a massive crowd. Of those seven thousand people, how many might not have had many resources? How many might have been hungry or didn’t know where their next meal was coming from? Food insecurity is real today, but it was infinitely more so in this era.

Some of these people may never have had the opportunity to genuinely eat as much as they wanted with no concern about how it would impact them tomorrow. But Jesus does that. He makes this feast where people can eat as much as they want. This was something they likely had never seen; they didn’t have all-you-can-eat buffets. This was not necessarily fancy eating—it was still barley loaves and small fish—but they got enough. That’s the thing about the Christian life: sometimes we may not always get the fanciest stuff, but God will provide. He will give us what we need.

When they had all had enough to eat, Jesus said to his disciples, “Gather the pieces that are left over. Let nothing be wasted.” So they gathered them and filled twelve baskets with the pieces of the five barley loaves left over. Jesus doesn’t just provide enough; he provides more than enough.

After the people saw the sign Jesus performed, they began to say, “Surely this is the prophet who came into the world.” Jesus, knowing that they intended to come and make him king by force, withdrew again to a mountain by himself.

The crowd gets to thinking: “Man, that guy can make loaves and fishes out of nothing. I bet he can use those powers to solve a lot of our other problems. The Romans are in charge and they’re pretty brutal. We’ve got economic problems; we’ve got tons of problems in Israel. Let’s get this guy to solve them all. Let’s make him our king.” Notice it doesn’t say they asked him if he wanted to be king; it says they wanted to make him king by force. They want to take God and get him to serve them. They don’t want to serve God.

They have just seen a man they are convinced is, at minimum, a prophet. They saw him multiply bread and fish with their own eyes. Instead of saying, “You must know something—how can I serve you and be a part of what you’re doing?” they say, “I’ve got some jobs for you.”

Jesus knows they do not get it, so he leaves. We will see more of this because that mentality doesn’t depart from them easily—the idea that God wants to give me “stuff,” that God can solve all my problems, and that he’s going to be the best employee I’ve ever seen by giving me money, a new house, and the perfect life. But Jesus is looking for people who want to look on a grander scale. He wants people who are hungry for the bread of life, not people who are just hungry for a life of bread.

We’ll see more of that next week as we see Jesus walk across the water. Amen.

John 5:15-47: The Authority of the Son

May 3, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

From the Pulpit

Commentary

16 So, because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jewish leaders began to persecute him.

Historic Context of Sabbath Observance
1. The Jewish leaders are acting the way they are because of the history of the Jewish people. The Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments, and the Old Testament penalty for breaking it was death (Exo. 31:14-15 and 35:2)
2. Israel’s failure to keep the Sabbath contributed to their 70 years in exile (2 Chron. 36:20-21, Lev. 26:33-35, Jer. 25:11-12)
3. The exile ended about 500 years before the time of Christ, but it was a massive event in Israelite history. A significant part of their communal self-understanding was wrapped up in that period of exile.
4. This led to taking the law so seriously that they created a series of laws concerning what activities were allowable and which ones weren’t that were so complex that they even dictated what could and couldn’t carry on the Sabbath.
  1. In the Babylonian Talmud (b. Shabbat 94b), there is a series of laws concerning Muktzeh (laws concerning whether items should be handled at all) and Hotza’ah (laws concerning the carrying of items) on the Sabbath. Some items, like a hoe, are Muktzeh (translated: set aside) because they are tools of labor and have no Sabbath-appropriate purpose. Other items, like a sleeping mat, are permitted for use but are subject to Hotza’ah laws, which prevent you from moving the items from a private dwelling into a public area. The mat had a Sabbath-appropriate purpose (sitting or lying down), but the man was carrying it in the streets, so it was a violation of law.

17 In his defense Jesus said to them, “My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I too am working.” 18 For this reason they tried all the more to kill him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God.

“My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I too am working.”
1. Jesus equates himself to God with this statement, which the leaders recognize and are infuriated by.
…not only was he breaking the Sabbath,
1. Jesus consistently taught the Sabbath’s purpose was misunderstood.
  1. His disciples plucking grain on the Sabbath (Matthew 12:3-8).
  2. Teaching that one would rescue a child or a donkey from a well on the Sabbath (Luke 14:5).
  3. Jesus teaches, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath,” and that He is the “Lord of the Sabbath.” (Mark 2:27-28)
2. The Sabbath is a means to draw closer to God, not an end. It was established at creation to teach humans to rest in God.
Christian Sabbath (Sunday)
1. The Christian Sabbath moved from Saturday to Sunday, as seen in Acts 20:7.
2. The logic: the old Sabbath represented rest in the old creation, while Sunday—the day of Jesus’s resurrection—signifies the start of the new creation.
3. Modern Christians are more at risk of neglecting the Sabbath than of taking it too seriously. Many have redefined Sabbath away from a particular day or to include any sort of rest, rather than rest specifically intended to grow closer to God.
4. There’s an opportunity to value the Sabbath not just as a brief moment of rest in a busy day or a random vacation, but as a day that God intended for us as a tool and means for our benefit—a day of worshipful rest in God.

19 Jesus gave them this answer: “Very truly I tell you, the Son can do nothing by himself; he can do only what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does the Son also does. 20 For the Father loves the Son and shows him all he does. Yes, and he will show him even greater works than these, so that you will be amazed. 21 For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is pleased to give it. 22 Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son, 23 that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father, who sent him.

After the Sabbath conflict, Jesus explains His relationship with God the Father.
1. This section uses a large amount of classic Trinitarian language, affirming that Jesus and the Father are distinct persons yet one being—both are God. To honor one is to honor both.
2. “To believe and love the Trinity is to possess the key of theology.” -Charles Spurgeon, “Bread Enough and to Spare,” July 16, 1871.

24 “Very truly I tell you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be judged but has crossed over from death to life. 25 Very truly I tell you, a time is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man.

And he has given him authority…
1. Jesus asserts His authority in response to earthly authorities challenging Him. He speaks with perfect judgment and discernment as God.
2. When we encounter teachings or actions of Jesus we don’t understand or prefer, we must remember His divine authority. Our disagreement is our problem, not His.

28 “Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out—those who have done what is good will rise to live, and those who have done what is evil will rise to be condemned. 30 By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me.

31 “If I testify about myself, my testimony is not true. 32 There is another who testifies in my favor, and I know that his testimony about me is true.

33 “You have sent to John and he has testified to the truth. 34 Not that I accept human testimony; but I mention it that you may be saved. 35 John was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you chose for a time to enjoy his light.

36 “I have testimony weightier than that of John. For the works that the Father has given me to finish—the very works that I am doing—testify that the Father has sent me. 37 And the Father who sent me has himself testified concerning me. You have never heard his voice nor seen his form, 38 nor does his word dwell in you, for you do not believe the one he sent. 39 You study[c] the Scriptures diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life. These are the very Scriptures that testify about me, 40 yet you refuse to come to me to have life.

“If I testify about myself, my testimony is not true…”
1. Jesus admits that His own testimony would not be sufficient to prove anything, so he points to external witnesses.
  1. Deut. 19:15 and Num. 35:30 require two or three witnesses to establish any charge or execute judgment.
“I have testimony weightier than that of John…”
1. John the Baptist testified to the truth, which was helpful, but Jesus relies on a weightier testimony: God Himself. God’s testimony is expressed in two ways:
  1. Miracles: Jesus’s works, given by the Father, testify that the Father sent Him.
  2. Scripture: The Old Testament points to Jesus constantly.
Jesus tells scripture experts that they study diligently thinking they have eternal life, but miss the point.
“These are the very scriptures that testify about me…”
1. “Again, we are taught by this passage, that if we wish to obtain the knowledge of Christ, we must seek it from the Scriptures; for they who imagine whatever they choose concerning Christ will ultimately have nothing instead of him but a shadowy phantom.” -John Calvin, Calvin’s Commentary on John
2. Scripture is a means to an end (knowing God), not an end in itself. The words matter, like in a love letter, but their value lies in pointing to the author, God.
There are many people that claim to know a lot about Scripture, but they haven’t found God in spite of all of their so-called knowledge.
1. Bart Ehrman is a famous professor and atheist that uses his knowledge of early Christian documents to try to debunk Christianity.
2. Amy Jill-Levine is a professor of the New Testament that is Jewish and does not believe in Jesus. In spite of that, she produces resources about Jesus to be used in churches.
3. People inside the church today can also miss the point by treating scripture reading as a checklist item.
4. When opening scripture, expect to encounter God, regardless of feelings. The goal is to seek God through it.

41 “I do not accept glory from human beings, 42 but I know you. I know that you do not have the love of God in your hearts. 43 I have come in my Father’s name, and you do not accept me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will accept him. 44 How can you believe since you accept glory from one another but do not seek the glory that comes from the only God[d]?

45 “But do not think I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, on whom your hopes are set. 46 If you believed Moses, you would believe me, for he wrote about me. 47 But since you do not believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?”

God is the intended endpoint of everything we see.
1. “I know that you do not have the love of God in your hearts…”
  1. Everything in our lives is intended to point us to God, whether it be prayer, a walk in the park, or time with a friend. God is the ultimate end of everything that’s created. It’s should draw our attention to Him.
2. “How can you believe since you accept glory from one another but do not seek the glory that comes from the only God?”
  1. We are called to be means through which others see God’s goodness. Just as everything should draw our attention to God, we should draw other people’s attention to God, not to ourselves.
  2. “Our hearts are restless until they rest in you” -Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, Bk. 1.
“…for he wrote about me.”
1. “Indeed had they attended to His words, they ought and would have tried to learn from Him, what the things were which Moses had written of Him. But they are silent. For it is the nature of wickedness to defy persuasion. Do what you will, it retains its venom to the last.” -John Chrysostom, Hom. xli. 2.

Full Transcript

It is critically important to recognize the difference between ends in and of themselves and means to ends. An end is something that is good on its own terms; it doesn’t lead to anything else. It is the baseline of what you are seeking—a good thing that you can rest in. On the other hand, a means to an end is something that gets you closer to the end that you’re looking for. That’s a bit of an abstract definition, so it’s much easier to speak using examples.

My favorite example is a love letter. A love letter is a means to an end, and I don’t mean that in a sinister way. If you think about it, when someone receives a love letter—and people have since the beginning of time—they treasure it. They read it again and again, soaking in every word and every letter. Why do they do that? It’s not because they’re really big fans of the genre of love letters. They love the letter not for its own sake, but because of the person who wrote it. It’s just a means to an end, which is a relationship between two people. When they look at the letter, they remember the person that loves them, how good they are, how gracious they are, and how beautiful they are. That’s the point of a love letter.

Can you imagine if someone read a love letter and thought of it as an end in and of itself? How absurd and weird it would be. Imagine seeing one of your friends reading a handwritten love letter and you say, “Ooh, looks like someone’s got something special going on.” They respond, “What? Oh, no, I found this in the Walmart parking lot blowing around. I have no idea who wrote it, but man, it’s beautiful! I’ve read it every day for the past two weeks.” Yikes! That’s not a good thing. You would probably think your friend needs to get out more because they seem lonely. That’s the thing: when we treat means to an end as ends in and of themselves, it makes us weird. Our affections are disordered.

That’s what Jesus is going to talk about today. He’s going to talk about how we humans have this habit of looking at these means to seek a greater thing and turning them into ends in and of themselves.

We begin in verse fifteen, which is a bit of a bridge verse. It takes us from where we were last week to where we are this week. You’ll remember last week Jesus healed someone who had been paralyzed for thirty-eight years. The man was paralyzed, Jesus healed him, and then he got up and started walking around. The authorities saw him and they were upset: “What are you doing moving around on the Sabbath like that? You shouldn’t pick up your mat and walk. You should stop that. And who healed you, by the way? That’s not okay.” The man said, “I don’t know, I have no idea what the guy’s name was.” Later on, he runs into Jesus and learns His name. Then, in verse fifteen, the man went away and told the Jewish leaders that it was Jesus who had made him well.

Why did he do this? We could speculate endlessly. Maybe he was afraid of them, or maybe he wasn’t too bright and didn’t really think it through. Who knows what his logic was? But I think it’s just a good reminder that sometimes even when you do a good thing, you don’t get anything out of it; it might even actively cause you trouble. You don’t do a good thing because you expect to be rewarded or because you think someone will help you out in return. You do a good thing because it’s the right thing to do. That’s what Jesus does. He helps this man, and this man turns around and makes life difficult for Him. That’s just how it is, and if it was that way for Jesus, sometimes it’s going to be like that for us. We can’t expect people to turn around and do us favors when things get difficult. Good things must be done because they are good in and of themselves.

Verse sixteen: “So because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jewish leaders began to persecute him. In his defense, Jesus said to them, ‘My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I too am working.’ For this reason, they tried all the more to kill him, not only because he was breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God.” We could look at some of this Trinitarian language—we haven’t seen that in a hot minute, though there was a lot of that in John 1. We’ll come back around to that in a second.

I want us to think about the logic of the Sabbath here because that’s what they’re angry about. They’re angry that Jesus healed on a Sabbath. It would be reasonable to assume some of them are insincere and just see Jesus as a troublemaker, but it would be crazy to assume they are all insincere. Some of them genuinely believe this and are upset. The Sabbath was serious. It wasn’t a recommendation from God; it’s one of the Ten Commandments. “Remember the Sabbath and keep it holy.” If you look throughout the Old Testament, the recommended penalty for someone who did not keep the Sabbath was death. It was carried out in certain instances where people were going about business as usual on a Saturday trying to get ahead.

Especially during the time of the two kingdoms, as you see the Israelite kings rising and falling, you can see the consistent fall away of the Israelites from God’s ways. You start with King David, who was a great king, then King Solomon, who was pretty good, and then you just got a bunch of stinkers. Over time, they broke God’s law more and more. One of the listed things they were doing wrong was not keeping the Sabbath. This is one of the reasons God got angry and they were sent into exile. Their land was taken from them and they were sent across the continent because they broke God’s law and refused His ways. It was only about five hundred years before this that they were allowed to come back to their lands. Part of their history is that they fell away from God’s law so severely that they lost their home. You can imagine why they might take the law pretty seriously—so seriously that they’re making up “bonus” laws. There is nothing actually in the rules about the Sabbath that says miracles cannot happen on Saturdays, or that homeless people can’t pick up mats. They just added that stuff because they thought bonus laws were better than not enough laws.

Jesus has a different perspective. In Matthew 12, His disciples pluck grain from a field because they’re hungry. The authorities get angry, and Jesus says, “That’s not the point. You are missing it.” In Luke 14, they get angry at Jesus for doing good things on a Saturday again, and Jesus says, “If you had a kid that fell into a well or a donkey that fell into a hole on a Sabbath, wouldn’t you get him out?” Probably His clearest statement of what the Sabbath is supposed to be is in Mark 2:27-28. He says, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath,” and He says that He is the Lord of the Sabbath.

The Sabbath is a means, not an end. That doesn’t mean it’s not a good or important means, but the Sabbath exists to help us grow closer to God. It doesn’t exist in and of itself for itself. All the way back to creation, God made everything in six days and rested on the seventh. He didn’t rest because He was tired; God doesn’t get “tuckered out.” He did it for us, to teach us how to exist well. On that Sabbath day, we rest in Him.

Some people get confused about why Christians have Sunday as their Sabbath instead of Saturday. You can see in Acts 20:7 that the early Christians moved their Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday. The logic was that the Sabbath was the day God rested in the old creation—it was the end of the old way—but now Jesus has come and was resurrected on a Sunday. This is the beginning of something new. We don’t belong to the old world anymore; we belong to this new creation that Jesus made. We’ve been doing it that way since the beginning.

The real point here is that Jesus sees the Sabbath not as an end in and of itself. He says they’re going about it all wrong. The goal is to grow closer to God through the Sabbath. To be fair, I doubt very many Americans today are at risk of taking the Sabbath too seriously. Culturally, we’re more likely to not recognize that it has any value at all. It’s mostly the “bad” weekend day. Saturday is the good one because you have the fun stuff, and Sunday is the one where you have to go to church and have work the next day. I think we have a lot to learn about the Sabbath and a real opportunity to take it more seriously as a valuable tool intended for our benefit. I don’t say that as someone who has it all figured out; my wife and I have had conversations this past year about how we can make this a more worshipful day where we really rest in God.

We pick up now where we get into more of that Trinitarian language.

“Jesus gave them this answer: ‘Very truly I tell you, the Son can do nothing by himself; he can only do what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does the Son also does. For the Father loves the Son and shows him all he does. He will show him even greater works than these, so that you will be amazed. For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is pleased to give it. Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son, that they all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him. Very truly I tell you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be judged but has crossed over from death to life. Very truly I tell you, a time is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live. For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man. Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice and come out—those who have done what is good will rise to live, and those who have done what is evil will rise to be condemned. By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me.'”

Massive section here. You can think about the creed we said earlier and how much of it finds its roots right here. Jesus is repeatedly saying, “Me and the Father do the same stuff.” We are in the same boat, we have the same strength. We are different persons, but we are one being on the same tier. We’re both God. But we could spend a lot of time on that. Instead, I would rather take this time to think about why He’s saying this. What’s the point? Why is He telling us that He has this authority and has been given this life unto itself? Why is He saying all of this?

He’s showing that His authority is real. When the authorities on this earth challenge Him and say, “Hey man, you are doing the Sabbath wrong,” He responds, “No, I have the authority to speak on this. I would know.” I’m not just guessing about this stuff. I have been given perfect judgment. I have been given perfect discernment. I am God. I am at one with the Father.

When we see Jesus in the scripture, I think this is a serious challenge. Sometimes we see Him do stuff that you wonder about. It’s not what you would have done, or maybe it’s not what you would have preferred Him to do. You think to yourself, “What’s He doing?” Sometimes people even theorize, “Well, here Jesus made a little bit of a mistake.” That’s not His deal. If we don’t like what He does, that’s our problem. Jesus is God. That’s the whole point when He does things or teaches us things; He acts with authority—not as someone who’s a random guesser or someone who’s got an intriguing theory for us to mull over, but as someone who has all due discernment, judgment, and authority.

He continues on looking at another “means” that people are failing to see as a means to a good end. Verse thirty-one: “If I testify about myself, my testimony is not true. There is another who testifies in my favor, and I know that his testimony about me is true. You have sent to John and he has testified to the truth. Not that I accept human testimony, but I mention it that you may be saved. John was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you chose for a time to enjoy his light. I have testimony weightier than that of John. For the works that the Father has given me to finish, the very works I am doing testify that the Father has sent me. And the Father who has sent me has himself testified concerning me. You have never heard his voice nor seen his form.”

In other words, what He’s saying here is, “I am not the one telling you that I am great.” I could do that, but it wouldn’t be particularly legitimate. You can’t be a reference for yourself; that’s not how it works. He says John told you—taking us all the way back to chapter one—and John was right, and that was helpful for you. But I am not relying on John’s testimony because he’s just another person, and people get it wrong sometimes. I have a better witness than that: God. Check the scriptures. That’s about me. If you are curious if I am legit, look at the scriptures and look at what I am doing. I am fulfilling the scriptures. I am the answer to the scriptures. I am what you’ve been waiting for. That book is about me.

Verse thirty-eight: “Nor does his word dwell in you, for you do not believe the one he sent. You study the scriptures diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life. These are the very scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life. I do not accept glory from human beings, but I know you. I know that you do not have the love of God in your hearts. I have come in my Father’s name, but you do not accept me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will accept him. How can you believe, since you accept glory from one another, but do not seek the glory that comes from the only God? Do not think I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, on whom your hopes are set. If you believed Moses, you would believe me, for he wrote about me. But since you do not believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?”

This is a whole section about scripture because He’s talking to people who are supposed to be experts on scripture. These are people who spent their whole lives studying it, and He says, “You are supposed to know Him, but you don’t know me. You are missing the point.” This is not an end in and of itself; it is a means to an end.

By no means do I suggest that the words of scripture are not important. I think that’s a way people could mishear that. But think about the love letter again. A love letter is a means, and aren’t the words in a love letter important? They make a big difference. The words are important, but you don’t read the words for their own sake; you read them because of the person who wrote them. The scriptures are not an end in and of themselves. They are something intended to bring us closer to God. That’s their whole purpose. We read the scriptures to encounter God.

Yet, you can see all kinds of instances where people know the scriptures incredibly well but don’t know God. I think especially of Bart Ehrman. Bart Ehrman is a professor who specializes in early Christian documents, and he is an atheist. His whole deal is that he has studied all of these scriptures, and he uses what he knows to try to debunk Christianity. He has written book after book talking about why he thinks it’s illegitimate. He’s someone we’re going to talk about a little bit in the Advent study because a lot of his challenges, once you understand his methodology, are not so hard to take on. Nonetheless, he has been determined his whole life to debunk Christianity. He has studied the scriptures, but he doesn’t believe in God.

While looking him up, I ended up on his blog and saw one of his more recent Christmas posts. He was frustrated. He was frustrated at the way non-religious people act. He wrote, “Why do religious people give so much more of their possessions and of themselves than secular people? Why do religious people so much more frequently commit themselves to the good of others than secular people do? Why are so many secular people so obsessed with the fleeting pleasures of the flesh and the superficial enjoyments that the media crams down our throats? It is one of my perennial puzzles and concerns.”

How absurd! He spent his whole life convincing people not to believe in Jesus, and then he’s angry that some people don’t believe in Jesus and act like it. What did you think was going to happen, Bart? You goober. But taking him seriously, this is someone who recognizes that what he’s doing is unfulfilling. He is creating a world that he doesn’t want. Why? Because he’s an expert on the scriptures but doesn’t know God, so he’s missed the entire point.

There are other examples. I remember before I left the UMC, I saw a lot of stuff from Cokesbury. They were pushing one particular author for studies; they wanted everyone to buy her work. Her big selling point was that she’s Jewish, but an expert on the New Testament. Because she’s Jewish, she knows the cultural stuff, so you should do her studies to learn new things. You want me to learn about Jesus from someone who doesn’t believe in Jesus? You are missing the point. The point of Jesus is not that He’s this interesting cultural figure you might get some cool historical ideas about. The point is that He’s Lord. If you’ve spent your time studying the scriptures and you don’t believe, there is no reason to study them; it’s a total waste of your time.

It’s easy to see people outside the church that study the scriptures and yet have missed the point. But it happens in the church too. How often do we open the scriptures just because we’re “supposed to” that day, just checking a box? When we open the scriptures, we should expect to encounter God. That’s the point. They don’t exist as an item to check off on a checklist.

I’m not saying when we expect to encounter God, we should necessarily feel like we encountered God. Sometimes people expect a certain feeling or a level of enthusiasm to prove that God is there, but that’s wrong thinking. Feelings are fleeting. Sometimes you wake up on the wrong side of the bed. It’s not anything you did or anything wrong with the day; you’re just in a bad mood. Sometimes you feel close to God, and maybe sometimes you don’t. Feelings come and go. We should expect to encounter God regardless of what we feel. The goal of the scriptures is to seek God; it is a means to an end.

It’s true with so many things in the Christian life. Prayer is not an end in and of itself; it’s a means to an end, and that end is God. Coming to church is not an end in and of itself; it is a means to build our relationship with God. The goal of the whole Christian journey is to grow our relationship with God. When we start to see these individual things as their own ends, we get twisted up.

It’s not just the religious stuff that is intended to be a means to the end of growing our relationship with God. Think about all the other ways we could do that. Going outside and enjoying creation—creation exists to reflect the glory of God. By seeing that, we can grow closer to Him. When we spend time with a friend who is especially kind, we have the opportunity to see the kindness and mercy of God through them. We ourselves are means to the end of finding God. We are expected to behave in such a way that people see God’s goodness and mercy in us.

Really, the only true end is God. Everything is intended to draw us to Him, to help us to see Him better, to see His glory and His goodness. As we go about this holiday season, I’m sure you’re going to be stressed. You’ll be running around dealing with family and a million events. Whatever you’re wrestling with, remember to ask yourself that question: Is this an end in and of itself, or is it a means to an end? When you recognize that it is a means, ask yourself, “How can I see God in this?”

We will all constantly feel restless, frustrated, and confused until we find that one true end. We will be restless until we rest in God. Amen.

John 1:19-34: Jesus’s Baptism

April 26, 2026September 2, 2026 ~ Vincent ~ 3 Comments

Video Teaching
Verse-by-Verse Commentary
Full Transcript

Video Teaching

Verse-by-Verse Commentary

19 Now this was John’s testimony when the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him who he was. 20 He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, “I am not the Messiah.”

The narrative shifts back chronologically from the opening eighteen verses (which served as an overview of the Book of John) to the beginning of Jesus’s public ministry.
What is happening to John in this verse is a public interrogation, not a respectful inquiry. Their goal was to discredit John. If he denied having authority, people might stop following him. If he claimed authority, they could report him to the Romans as a troublemaker.

21 They asked him, “Then who are you? Are you Elijah?”

He said, “I am not.”

“Are you the Prophet?”

He answered, “No.”

The authoritative figures that are being addressed here are all in Scripture. The second coming of Elijah is in Malachi 4:5, the coming of the prophet is in Deuteronomy 18:15, and prophecies about the coming messiah are found throughout the Old Testament (especially Isaiah).

22 Finally they said, “Who are you? Give us an answer to take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?”

The Pharisees’ may be villains in these passages, but they were also people with real, legitimate concerns.
1. The Roman-Jewish historian Josephus recorded four individuals in the first century who claimed to be the Messiah, raised armies, and fought the Romans, all of whom understood the Messiah as a military figure.
2. A later false messiah, Simon Ben Kosiba, led a rebellion in the early second century that resulted in the Romans destroying Israel, renaming it Syria Palestine, and scattering the Jewish people. Israel did not reappear on maps until after World War II.
3. The Pharisees were justifiably worried that a false messiah would bring destruction, but while trying to prevent this, they tragically overlooked the true Messiah.

23 John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet, “I am the voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’”

John seems surprisingly comfortable given the circumstances! He knew he wasn’t “the one.” He was just there to point to the person who was.
1. How often do we carry the burden of having to be “the one” rather than pointing to the person who genuinely is?
He identifies himself using Isaiah’s words: “I am the voice of one calling in the wilderness: ‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’” (Isa. 40:3)
1. Untying sandals was considered such a lowly task that even rabbis were forbidden from asking their disciples to do it (Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Ketubot 96a) John’s statement signifies his profound sense of unworthiness compared to the greatness of Jesus.

24 Now the Pharisees who had been sent 25 questioned him, “Why then do you baptize if you are not the Messiah, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?”

26 “I baptize with water,” John replied, “but among you stands one you do not know. 27 He is the one who comes after me, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie.”

The practice of baptism existed before John, rooted in Old Testament purification rituals, such as priests washing in a basin before approaching the altar in the tabernacle and later bathing in the temple.
John brought this practice to the people, applying the principle of purification to prepare for God’s approach in the form of Jesus.
John’s baptism was a symbolic act. He explicitly states, “I baptize with water,” indicating it was just water and held no special divine power. It was a good thing to do, encouraging people to recognize their sinfulness and need for God’s purification.

28 This all happened at Bethany on the other side of the Jordan, where John was baptizing.

29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!

The title “Lamb of God” connects Jesus to a rich scriptural history of lambs being sacrificed so that others might live: the ram that died in Isaac’s place, the Passover lamb whose blood protected the Israelites, and the lambs sacrificed for forgiveness in the temple.
John identifies Jesus as “the” ultimate Lamb who will provide the final sacrifice.
The use of the singular “sin” (not “sins”) is significant. Sins are the symptoms (wrong actions), but “sin” is the underlying disease or “rot in our soul” that began with Adam and Eve. Jesus came to eliminate the root cause, not just the symptoms.

30 This is the one I meant when I said, ‘A man who comes after me has surpassed me because he was before me.’ 31 I myself did not know him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that he might be revealed to Israel.”

Why would the sinless Jesus need to be baptized? Common reasons for baptism (joining the church, receiving the Holy Spirit, washing away sin) do not apply to Him. Surely Jesus could have revealed himself to John the Baptist in other ways. Why was this way fitting?
1. John’s baptism was purely symbolic, which means a lot of the answers (the bestowal of the Holy Spirit, joining the Body of Christ, etc.) don’t apply here. It really is a matter of symbols: why would a sinless person symbolically ask for purification?
2. The 18th-century monk Nikodemos of Athos speaks to this in his prayers: “Jesus, being God, had no need for purification, but he suffered purification for me,” (Prayers to Our Lord Jesus Christ).
3. Jesus gained nothing from baptism; it was an act of humility. His glory is repeatedly revealed through such humble acts: the infinite God being born in a small human body, in a manger; and ultimately dying a humiliating death on a cross.

32 Then John gave this testimony: “I saw the Spirit come down from heaven as a dove and remain on him. 33 And I myself did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, ‘The man on whom you see the Spirit come down and remain is the one who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.’

What was once a purely symbolic, natural act became more than natural, now carrying the power of the Holy Spirit to bestow grace, unite a person with the body of Christ, and wash away sin.
Note that there is no reason to expect two baptisms. Some traditions insist that you need one “water baptism” and one “baptism of the Spirit” (generally identified by strong feelings in the believer), but Ephesians 4 is explicit that there is only one baptism. Jesus has transformed baptism, not added a second baptism.

34 I have seen and I testify that this is God’s Chosen One.

Matthew 11:11”Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist; yet whoever is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.”
1. John was the greatest of “those born of women,” or those born by purely natural means.
2. Through baptism, believers are made part of the “Kingdom of Heaven” and are greater than John the Baptist
Just as Jesus transformed water and a human body into something more than natural, He transforms believers into more than natural people by giving them the Holy Spirit.

Full Transcript

So, for those of you who thought last week was a little too abstract, good news: John gets concrete pretty quickly. Here in verse 19 onwards, we are going to see a comparison between two men, John, the Baptist and Jesus, and the different types of baptism that each of them offers : John’s baptism of repentance and Jesus’s baptism of the Holy Spirit. Now, often when you see comparisons between two things, one is good and one is bad. Right? There’s the good, the and the evil. The big and the small. The smart and the stupid. One is generally implied to be superior and one is implied to be inferior. This is not strictly the case, it’s a little different. Here you see something that’s good and something that’s better. It’s got John the Baptist, the best this world has to offer, and Jesus, who is better. And, there’s a verse from Scripture that I think really helps explain the entirety of what we’re looking at today. Matthew 11:11: “Truly I tell you, Among those born of women, there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist. Yet whoever is least in the kingdom of heaven. Is greater than he.” So just keep that in the back of your mind. Think on that as we move forward and let’s dig in.

So beginning at verse 19,

19 Now this was John’s testimony when the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him who he was. 20 He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, “I am not the Messiah.”

21 They asked him, “Then who are you? Are you Elijah?”

He said, “I am not.”

“Are you the Prophet?”

He answered, “No.”

22 Finally they said, “Who are you? Give us an answer to take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?”

23 John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet, “I am the voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’”

Let’s just start with that. That’s a good chunk. So first off, You can see at the beginning of verse nineteen. Now this was John’s testimony when. We’re seeing that this is just a little indication that this doesn’t happen chronologically after what we had last week. Those first eighteen verses are essentially a summary of everything that happens in the book of John and a little before and a little afterwards. So we saw before Jesus was incarnate, and then we saw John the Baptist, and he was proclaiming the coming of Jesus. And then we saw Jesus come and he was not received; he was rejected. And yet, he created a pathway to salvation. We saw all of this right there in the first eighteen verses. But now that we’re on to verse nineteen, we’re going back. We’re going back, and we’re getting a little more in detail in what was presented in the first eighteen verses as an overview.

So, this is what happened when John, the Baptist was confronted by priests and Levites from Jerusalem, and, If you didn’t know any better, you’d think these priests thought pretty highly of him. Look at all the things they ask him : “Are you the Messiah? Are you the second coming of Elijah? Are you the prophet?” All three figures from Scripture: the Messiah since Genesis itself, this prophecy about a coming prophet from Deuteronomy, even the second coming of Elijah foretold in Malachi, all three big deals. And they’re asking John, are you this big deal? Are you that big deal? And each time, no.

If you didn’t know any better, you might think they’re a little impressed with John. They are not. This is a public interrogation. They have cornered John the Baptist while he is doing his baptizing in front of a group of people. And what they’re trying to do is ask him if he is any of these great figures from Scripture. These would give him authority, and in their minds, this is a win-win. On one hand, he says he’s not and he has no authority. That’s great ; maybe people won’t follow him anymore and now he can’t cause any trouble. Big win! But on the other hand, maybe he says he is those figures. That’s a win too; then they can go right back. To the people in charge and the Romans, and tell them, “Hey, the guy we were wondering is he a troublemaker? Yup, troublemaker. He needs to be taken care of. ”

I think it’s really easy to see these priests, Levites, and Pharisees as purely villainous figures. We see them harassing John the Baptist. We see them harassing Jesus. It’s easy to just say, “Uh oh.” To be fair, in this story they are villains, but I think it can be helpful to understand why they’re doing what they’re doing. Because they’re not one-dimensional, you know. They had reasons for doing what they’re doing. The historian Josephus, a Roman historian specifically about Jewish people, tells us that in the first century alone, there were four different people who all claimed to be the Messiah and raised up an army in Israel and tried to fight the Romans. Four different people, all of them understood the Messiah to be a military figure—someone who would raise an army and kick out the Romans and restore Israel to its earthly glory as a phenomenal kingdom. Four times! That’s one every twenty five years. There were a lot of people claiming to be the messiah. And Josephus only tells us that there were four who managed to put together an army to challenge the Romans. He doesn’t tell us how many people might have tried and never quite made it far enough to be historically noteworthy.

Ultimately, it was a false messiah that would cause problems for Israel in the end. It’s a man named Simon Ben Kosiba, who was another person who claimed to be the messiah in the early second century. And again, he put together an army and again he fought the Romans. And it didn’t, well, it went better than for a lot of others, but the Romans eventually put down this rebellion. And when they did, they were done. No more. No more of this. “How many times have we had to put down an insurrection in Israel? We’re done with it. I want that place ruined! I want it wiped off the face of the map! No more Israel. That is now Syria Palestine. No more kings of Israel. I want those people scattered to the four corners of the earth.” It was a false messiah who ultimately removed Israel from the map for over a thousand years. You don’t see Israel again on maps until after World War II, so there’s fair reason for people to be worried. They’re worried that a false messiah will cause problems, and they’re not wrong. Rather than seeing them as villainous, I guess I tend to see them as more tragic figures. All, this time trying to protect people from a false messiah, and in the end, they end up overlooking the real one in the process. But in any case, that’s why they’re doing what they’re doing. That’s why they’re interrogating John the Baptist: Is this guy going to cause trouble? Are people going to get hurt because of what he’s saying?

You see the three different questions they asked, and John doesn’t seem particularly bothered by the questions. It says that he freely confessed that he was not the Messiah. So John’s not sweating bullets; he’s okay, he’s comfortable. Why? Because he knows he’s not the big deal that they’re worried about. He doesn’t even claim to be a big deal; he knows he’s just the guy who’s pointing people to the guy that matters, and there is a certain freedom that comes along with that.

I wish all of us were as comfortable doing that sort of thing as John the Baptist; as free and easy pointing people to Jesus, rather than trying to point people to ourselves. That becomes very easy. All too often we try to prove to people that we are big shots, that we are the ones who can answer the questions, that we are the ones who get things done, that we are the people that they should be looking towards. When you get too used to that there’s a certain kind of anxiety that accompanies that because at the end of the day, we will never be the answer to every problem that people have. We are so limited; we just can’t do it all. Naturally, there will be anxiety. What if they know that I am not the big deal that I claim to be? But if you point people to Jesus—if like John the Baptist, You point them to the one who is—the one who can take care of all of their problems—the anxiety is gone. You can freely confess, “I am not a big deal, but I know the one who is.” And John answers them with that exact answer in the end. They ask, “Are you this scriptural figure? Are you this scriptural figure?” He says, “I know the one that is,” he quotes from Scripture, the book of Isaiah. He says, “I am the voice calling in the wilderness: make straight the way for the Lord.” That’s the passage he chooses to identify himself.

Now at this point, The Pharisees are annoyed. He seems to be claiming some sort of authority, and yet he will not admit it. And so they throw a curve ball at him. They say, “

“Why then do you baptize if you are not the Messiah, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?”

“Why are you out here baptizing if you’re not a big shot?”

John the baptism did not invent baptism, by the way. Baptism had been around before John the Baptist. You’ll notice that the Bible never says, “and there was a guy named John who came up with this thing called baptism, and it was good.” Never says that. It just assumes that you probably know what baptism is. You can see the roots of baptism as early as Exodus. When the Israelites are in the tabernacle before they approach the altar, a priest is supposed to take a large basin of water and wash their hands and wash their feet to show, “I recognize that I am sinful. God, please forgive me and purify me as I approach you at your altar.” Then when the temple is built, the practice gets a little more elaborate. The basin of water gets even bigger, and rather than just washing your hands and your feet, you bathe in the water. A priest would bathe before they approach the altar for the same reason: I know I am about to go towards God’s altar; I recognize I am sinful ; God, please purify me as I approach Your altar. What John has done is he has taken this practice of baptism, and he’s taken it to the people. Because they might not be approaching the altar, but here’s the thing: you might not be approaching God in that sense, but God is approaching us. Jesus is coming; you will want to be purified. Get baptized, repent of your sin, ask God to be made pure so when you see Him face to face, you’ll be ready. And it’s purely symbolic, right? That’s what John is doing. It’s a good thing; John is doing something that is unambiguously good.

It can’t be particularly prideful to tell people, “Hey, recognize that you are sinful and that you need to be made pure by God.” That’s it. And, yet the Pharisees are claiming that this humble practice that he is involved in is evidence of his pride. And we see that. We see that all over the world to this day. People, who are humbly trying to follow their God and others who use their humility as evidence of their pride. For example, if someone hears, “Oh yeah, I try to be in church every Sunday.” Ooh. Someone thinks they’re a pretty good person. Oh yeah, you don’t want any more drinks? Oh, you’re too good for us. Someone’s a good person. Watch out for them. Oh I can’t make it to the bachelor party this weekend. I’m not actually comfortable with the things that you guys are going to do. Oh, okay. Okay, we got a saint over here. All too often, when people are trying to humbly do what God asked of them, others see that as evidence of pride. Totally untrue, but nonetheless a sad truth.

How does John the Baptist handle it? He handles it by again reiterating I am not a big deal. I am not special. I just know someone who is. He responds, “I baptize with water.” Again, he’s saying, “Look, this baptism thing. I don’t have any divine special power. It’s just water on the head. That’s all I’m doing. It’s not such a big deal. I don’t claim to be special.

But among you stands one who you do not know. He is the one who comes after me, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie.”

Now, how many of you remember when George Bush was in the Middle East and got a shoe chucked at him? He was giving a speech, and someone in the crowd did not think very highly of him and so they threw a shoe at his head. It’s a chuckle-worthy YouTube clip. If you haven’t seen it, it’s worth your time. But why did they do that? Because in the Middle East, that’s a sign that you don’t think too highly of someone. The foot is the grossest, dirtiest part of the body in popular imagination there, so to associate someone or something with a foot, you are saying that’s what I think of you. And here John is saying Jesus is so incredible. This guy I am preparing the way for, he’s so amazing. I am not even fit to touch the grossest, dirtiest part of his body. I can’t do the lowest of the low for him. Untying the sandal was considered so inglorious that he’s saying he’s not even worthy of that.

When a rabbi was teaching a disciple, it was important to give them tasks so they could show that they were listening to their rabbi and that they were devout. And yet it was literally written, “But don’t have them untie your sandals. That’s too low. You can’t have them do that. Gotta let the guys have some dignity.” John is saying he is not even worthy of doing that. It’s not that he’s so great, it’s that he’s not even great enough to do that.

So we’ve seen John the Baptist—the greatest man, according to Jesus, who ever walked this earth—the greatest man of the natural world there could possibly be. And we saw his baptism, often known as the baptism of repentance, a purely symbolic act to indicate God, “I am impure please make me pure.” Now, as we move towards this second half, we’re going to see the one who he’s being compared to. We’ve seen the best now let’s see better than the best. We’re going to look at Jesus. Verse 29:

The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!”

There’s so much in what he says right there when he sees Jesus. “Look! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!” That’s the first thing he says. And notice what he doesn’t say: “Look! A great philosopher who can teach us things about the world beyond.” He doesn’t say that. He doesn’t say, “Look, a great teacher that can teach us how to act well in the world.” He doesn’t say, “Look, a self help guru that can teach us how to be better people.” No. He says, “Look! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.”

“The Lamb of God.” What does he mean by that? Well there’s lots of lambs in Scripture. We see lambs come up time and time again. For example, as early as Genesis, we have Isaac. Abraham was told to sacrifice his son Isaac. So he takes Isaac to the altar and right before he sacrifices him, there is a lamb: a lamb that dies in Isaac’s stead. And then we have Passover. In the book of Exodus, the angel of death comes to Egypt to kill all of the firstborn. How do the Israelites make sure that their firstborns are safe? They kill a lamb and they put the blood of the lamb on their doorways so that the angel passes over their house. And at the temple, when they have done something wrong, when they wanted to be forgiven by God, what did they do? They sacrificed a lamb. Even the book of Isaiah talks about a lamb who will be sacrificed. So much lamb imagery: lambs that die so that others might live.

John says, not just “Here is a lamb.” He says here is the lamb. This is the ultimate lamb. This is the one who has come to finish, and he says, this lamb will take away the sin of the world. He doesn’t say sins. He uses the singular, not the plural. Often we think about sins, plural, instead of sin, and that’s fine. You know, sins are the wrong things we do. Those are not good. But at the same time, it’s kind of like a symptom. Sins are a symptom of sin. Sin in the singular is more than just the wrong things we do. It’s like a disease. It’s like a blight in our hearts. It’s like rot in our soul. That is sin. And that’s why in Genesis, when Adam and Eve commit sins, the problem is not just that they have done individual wrong things. The problem is that they have caught this disease. This rot has taken root in them! Sin is the problem—not just the individual sins they have committed, but the greater sin that is now nested within them. Jesus has come as the Lamb to eliminate the sin, not just the sins. He’s not just going to get rid of the symptom; he’s going to get rid of the cause itself. “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.”

As we get towards this last section, this answers one of the questions that I had for the longest time. I always wondered. Why did Jesus get baptized? What did he get out of it? I wondered that for years. Why would Jesus need to get baptized? It doesn’t make any sense by a lot of metrics. When we talk about baptism, we think there’s a lot of ways of explaining it and they’re all true. For example, baptism is when we individually join the church which is the body of Christ. Baptism is when the Holy Spirit is bestowed on us. Baptism is the washing away of our sins. Baptism is a promise that we make to God to stay loyal. It’s all of these, and yet do any of those make sense for Jesus? Why would Jesus need to join the body of Christ when He. Himself is Christ? That doesn’t make any sense. Why would Jesus, part of the Trinity which is Father, Son and Holy Spirit always in communion with one another, need to have the Holy Spirit bestowed on him when he’s already in constant communion with it? Why would Jesus, a man that has no sin, need to be purified of sin? That doesn’t make any sense. And, why would he need to make a promise to God when he himself is God? All of the ways we describe baptism make no sense for Jesus. So why did Jesus get baptized?

Well, in this passage from John, first off, we see that a lot of those questions can be eliminated right off the bat because this is John’s baptism. He says it himself: it’s just symbolic. It’s just water. There is no divine power behind it. You’ve got to wait for Jesus to that to happen. So the only thing symbolically that’s happening here is Jesus is asking His Father, through baptism, to be purified of His sins. That’s a lot of our questions eliminated right off the bat, but we still have one: why would a sinless person need to ask to be purified from their sins? It doesn’t make sense. I wondered that for ages, and it wasn’t until I ran across the writings of a devotional author called Nikodemos of Athos. Nikodemos of Athos was a monk in 18th century Greece well known for his devotional writings. Among the many treasures he has left to the world, one of them is an acrostic series of prayers. It just takes you through the whole alphabet, and it’s got a different prayer for every letter of the alphabet. As you go through the alphabet, you go through the life of Christ thanking him for each and everything he did. They’re really lovely prayers. I was reading through them one day, and I got to the part about Jesus’ baptism. He had written “Jesus, being God, had no need for purification but he suffered purification for me.” I had never heard someone say that word “suffered” before, and yet it’s helped me start to make sense of it.

What did Jesus get out of baptism? What did He stand to gain? Nothing. If anything, It’s inglorious for someone who is perfect to have to ask for purification from sins that He didn’t commit. It’s a little absurd, but He did it to be revealed to John the Baptist. He is revealed through his humility, and that’s something that happens throughout Scripture. We can jump back over to that other passage we were looking at this morning in Philippians. Philippians 2:5: “In your relationships with one another, have the same mindset as Christ Jesus, who being in very nature, God did not consider equality with God, something to be used to his own advantage; rather, he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness and being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself by being obedient to death, even death on a cross.”

Jesus is repeatedly found through acts of humility. He is glorious, and he absolutely could have just descended from the sky with glorious beams shooting off of him, a giant crown and a scepter or something. And yet he did not. Repeatedly we see him reveal his glory in his humility. God, the infinite God is born into the smallness of a human body? Unthinkable! God, the infinite God is born—not just born, but born in a manger. These are circumstances, which for the average person would be incredibly undignified. And yet this is how God reveals Himself. The pure asks for purification. Why? Unthinkable, undignified, And ultimately, Jesus dies on a cross, not just a death, but the most humiliating and painful death you could think of. All of this Jesus goes through so His glory is known through his humility. Here we see Jesus reveals himself, not by trying to prove he’s some kind of big shot. A real big shot doesn’t need to prove anything to anybody. They are a big shot simply by nature of what they are. God is glorious not because he needs to impress anybody, but because he can help anybody do anything just by nature of who He is.

We see here it says verse 30.

The greatness of God is revealed in this humble moment in which the pure asks to be purified. And we see here that the second form of baptism, baptism by the Holy Spirit, is what Jesus will offer—something different, something better than what John has offered. What John offered was good, but Jesus offers something that is greater than good.

Now, some people get confused here. They think there’s actually two forms of baptism. They think you need to get baptized by water, and that’s like the baptism of John the Baptist, and then there’s a second bonus baptism that comes afterwards. That’s your baptism by the Holy Spirit. That is usually indicated, in their thinking, by a fierce feeling that you’re very close to God, and when you feel that that’s your second baptism, the baptism by the Holy Spirit. This appears nowhere in Scripture. Pentecostals often make this claim, but in the early church’s writings, you can find no one who thinks that there’s a second baptism that is indicated by strong feelings. Not only that, but in Scripture it says that there aren’t two baptisms. In Ephesians 4 it says that there is not two, but one baptism.

Jesus did not offer this baptism by the Holy Spirit by some kind of different means. He didn’t come up with this new thing that people need after their first baptism. He took baptism in the same way that John the Baptist was doing it: water on the head, something that was purely symbolic, and he gave it divine power. No longer was it just a symbolic gesture. It had the power of the Holy Spirit behind it. That’s where we start to see all of those other meanings we were talking about earlier. Now, through the waters of baptism, the Spirit can be bestowed. Now, through the waters of baptism, a person can be united with the body of Christ. Now, there is so much more dimension because with John alone, we only have the natural—the best of the natural world—a great man who does great symbolic acts only through the power of man. With Jesus we have someone who is greater than just a human. He’s better than the best the natural world can offer, and His baptism—still water on the head—now carries infinitely more power, because the divine has transformed it from something merely natural into something more than natural, something that carries the power of the divine.

Think back to that Scripture we started with, Matthew 11:11: “Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist. Yet whoever is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.” He says, “among those born of women.” What Jesus is saying is, among those who have purely been born by natural means there’s no one better than John the Baptist. He is the greatest the natural world alone can produce. And yet, in the kingdom of heaven, there is better.”

You were made a part of the Kingdom of Heaven through the waters of baptism. You are no longer just natural. Just as Jesus took the waters of baptism, just water, and transformed it into something greater than the natural world has. In the same way He took a human body and made it greater than just a human body; He gave it the divine power of the Word. In that same way, Jesus took you, and now you are more than just a natural person. You were made a part of the Kingdom of Heaven through the waters of baptism. You are no longer just natural. Just as Jesus took the waters of baptism (just water) and transformed it into something greater than the natural world has, in the same way He took a human body and made it greater than just a human body; He gave it the divine power of the Word. In that same way, Jesus took you, and you are more than just a natural person.You have the power of the Holy Spirit inside of you. You have been blessed with the power of the Holy Spirit. You, according to Scripture—the words of Jesus Himself—are greater than the greatest that the natural world has to offer.

I don’t know what you faced this week. I don’t know what you’re going to face in the coming weeks. I don’t know the challenges. I don’t know the frustrations. I don’t know the hurt. I don’t know what this world has for you. But we saw this morning John handle the incredible distress of being interrogated by some of the most powerful people in his region, and he stood up to that. If the greatest the natural world had to offer was a man so great, I wonder, what can God do through you, who is greater than him, who has the power of the Holy Spirit behind you? What will God do through you? Amen.